How Julia Gillard forever changed Australian politics - especially for women
<p>When Julia Gillard was sworn into office as Australia’s first female prime minister on a chilly Canberra morning in 2010, it seemed like the ultimate glass ceiling had been smashed.</p>
<p>But this momentous occasion was marred by the <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0032318713488316">onslaught of sexism and misogyny</a> Gillard endured from the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/12/gillard-menu-sexist-liberal-dinner">opposition</a>, and especially the <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10361146.2017.1374347?src=recsys">mainstream media</a>, over the next three years of her term.</p>
<p>Since she lost the prime ministership in 2013, Gillard has fostered a legacy that extends beyond parliamentary politics, with a focus on <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/an-idea-quickly-agreed-to-julia-gillard-s-next-move-20180403-p4z7mh.html">women’s rights</a>, <a href="https://www.globalpartnership.org/news/gpe-welcomes-julia-gillards-extension-board-chair">education</a> and <a href="https://www.beyondblue.org.au/media/media-releases/media-releases/former-pm-julia-gillard-takes-over-as-new-chair-of-i-beyondblue-i">mental health</a>.</p>
<p><strong>The two Es: education and equality</strong></p>
<p>Born in <a href="https://www.juliagillard.com.au/about-julia/">Wales in 1961</a>, Gillard’s family moved to Australia in 1966. She grew up in Adelaide as the daughter of a nurse and aged care worker.</p>
<p>Gillard was <a href="http://www.aeufederal.org.au/news-media/news/2020/julia-gillard">educated at local public schools</a> before studying at the University of Adelaide and then the University of Melbourne.</p>
<p>She told the <a href="https://hbr.org/2019/11/lifes-work-an-interview-with-julia-gillard">Harvard Business Review</a> last year her involvement in the student movement, protesting education cutbacks, was a formative experience:</p>
<p><em>That’s what spurred an activism and engagement in public policy in me, and I went on to lead the student movement nationally … people had said, ‘You really should consider politics’. It was a slow dawning over time that it would be a fantastic way of putting my values into action — and realising that someone like me could do it.</em></p>
<p>Graduating with an arts/law degree, Gillard joined law firm Slater & Gordon in 1987 and was a partner by 1990.</p>
<p>While she has said she felt “<a href="https://apolitical.co/en/solution_article/australias-first-female-pm-on-workplace-sexism-and-leading-as-a-woman">quite at home in many ways</a>” as a young woman in the “larrakin” culture of the law firm, she also worked on affirmative action campaigns in the 1990s. She was a founding member of Labor women’s support network, <a href="https://www.emilyslist.org.au/herstory">EMILY’s List Australia</a>.</p>
<p>She continues to maintain this focus on gender and education in her post-politics advocacy.</p>
<p><strong>Going to Canberra, creating history</strong></p>
<p>Gillard was elected to federal parliament in 1998 and was a <a href="https://www.aph.gov.au/Senators_and_Members/Parliamentarian?MPID=83L">frontbencher</a> by 2001. In 2007, with Labor’s election victory, she <a href="https://www.theage.com.au/politics/federal/gillard-wins-plum-roles-20071130-ge6f6l.html">became deputy prime minister</a> and minister for education, workplace relations and social inclusion.</p>
<p>However, despite the <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-14/the-rise-and-fall-of-kevin-rudd/5090194">popularity of prime minister Kevin Rudd</a>, the Labor party became increasingly frustrated with his leadership style ahead of the 2010 federal election.</p>
<p>These tensions saw Gillard challenge Rudd for the top job in June 2010, in one of the <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/killing-season/">most dramatic episodes</a> in recent Australian political history.</p>
<p>Gillard’s unexpected promotion would have lasting consequences for her, the Labor Party and Australian political culture.</p>
<p>It initiated a “coup culture” in Australian politics, where a <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00323187.2019.1701948">series of challenges</a> saw the removal of four out of the five most recent prime ministers.</p>
<p><strong>A sexist backlash</strong></p>
<p>The unprecedented removal of a popular first-term prime minister during an election year also prompted an <a href="http://legacy.annesummers.com.au/speeches/her-rights-at-work-r-rated-version/">overwhelming backlash</a> from the opposition, the media and the public.</p>
<p>Gillard faced <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10361146.2017.1374347">accusations of disloyalty</a> that marred the historic significance of her victory and status as the “first woman”. It also unleashed what seemed like a ceaseless tirade of sexism and misogyny that she endured for the next three years of her term.</p>
<p>The more prominent examples include broadcaster Alan Jones saying Gillard should be put in a “<a href="https://www.abc.net.au/mediawatch/episodes/alan-joness-chaff-bag-is-filling-up-fast/9973982">chaff bag</a>” and taken “out to sea”. A menu at a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/12/gillard-menu-sexist-liberal-dinner">Liberal National Party fundraiser</a> described a dish as “Julia Gillard Kentucky Fried Quail – small breasts, huge thighs and a big red box”.</p>
<p>Opposition leader Tony Abbott <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/julia-gillard-on-the-moment-that-should-have-killed-tony-abbotts-career-20150622-ghug63.html">stood in front of</a> - and tacitly endorsed - sexist placards.</p>
<p><strong>A productive parliament</strong></p>
<p>After the 2010 federal election, Gillard had to work with a <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-09-08/labors-minority-government-explained/2253236">minority government</a>.</p>
<p>But in a sign of her formidable negotiating skills, Gillard’s term as prime minister was <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/datablog/2018/dec/23/turnbull-scores-lower-than-abbott-gillard-and-rudd-on-productivity-in-parliament">extremely productive</a>.</p>
<p>Despite the surrounding political turmoil, <a href="https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Statistics/Senate_StatsNet/General/parliaments/43rd">570 bills</a> were passed by the Senate, with <a href="https://theconversation.com/labors-legacy-six-years-of-what-exactly-17526">key achievements</a> including the National Disability Insurance Scheme, the child abuse royal commission, a carbon price, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/jan/26/julia-gillard-gonski-reforms-shifted-debate-towards-needs-based-funding">education funding</a> and paid parental leave.</p>
<p><strong>It wasn’t all warm and fuzzy</strong></p>
<p>Yet not all Gillard’s policies are so fondly remembered.</p>
<p>On the <a href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/gillard-defends-welfare-cuts-to-mums">same day</a> Gillard delivered her famous “<a href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/transcript-of-julia-gillards-speech-20121010-27c36.html">misogyny speech</a>”, her government passed welfare reforms that moved single parents off the parenting payment and onto Newstart (now called JobSeeker Payment). This reduced people’s payments by $60 to $100 a week, <a href="https://theconversation.com/prejudiced-policymaking-underlies-labors-cuts-to-single-parent-payments-10151">disproportionately affecting women</a>.</p>
<p>Her <a href="https://theconversation.com/australias-asylum-seeker-policy-history-a-story-of-blunders-and-shame-118396">asylum seeker policies</a> and opposition to marriage equality also garnered widespread criticism from progressive Australians, particularly the <a href="https://theconversation.com/as-a-gay-man-i-will-not-be-lectured-on-discrimination-by-julia-gillard-15448">LGBTIQ+ community</a> and <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-06-18/refugee-advocate-labels-gillard-a-racist/2762976?nw=0">refugee advocates</a>.</p>
<p><strong>‘I will not be lectured by this man’</strong></p>
<p>Twelve iconic words have come to define Gillard’s legacy:</p>
<p><em>I will not be lectured about sexism and misogyny by this man.</em></p>
<p>This statement launched a blistering <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihd7ofrwQX0">15-minute speech</a>, in which Gillard called out the sexism and hypocrisy of Abbott during Question Time in October 2012.</p>
<p>The anger and frustration she felt about Abbott – <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/ernies-tony-abbott-given-repeat-offender-award-for-sexist-comments-20131010-2v9dz.html">known for his sexist sentiments</a> – and the systemic double standards she’d endured for years, resonated with women <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-10-10/international-reaction-to-gillard-speech/4305294">around the world</a>.</p>
<p>Julia Gillard delivered her “misogyny speech” on October 9 2012.</p>
<p>Though it was initially critiqued by the Canberra Press Gallery, which accused Gillard of “<a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959353515605544">playing the gender card</a>”, the speech went viral.</p>
<p>It has become the definitive moment of her prime ministership and is <a href="https://hbr.org/2019/11/lifes-work-an-interview-with-julia-gillard">often the only thing</a> people overseas know about Australian politics.</p>
<p>Earlier this year, it was voted the “<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/feb/07/julia-gillard-misogyny-speech-voted-most-unforgettable-moment-in-australian-tv-history">most unforgettable</a>” moment in Australian TV history by a Guardian Australia poll. Last month, a senior advisor to former-US President Barack Obama revealed they <a href="https://womensagenda.com.au/latest/obama-white-house-watched-julia-gillards-misogyny-speech-a-lot/">often watched the speech</a> whenever they were frustrated with then-prime minister Abbott.</p>
<p>The misogyny speech has even entered into the pop cultural canon, inspiring young women today to create memes and <a href="https://junkee.com/misogyny-speech-tiktok-remix/249379">TikToks</a> paying homage to those famous words.</p>
<p><strong>Changing the way we talk about sexism and politics</strong></p>
<p>Gillard’s misogyny speech and her time as our first woman prime minister changed the way that politics and sexism were talked about in Australia and highlighted the toxic nature of parliament.</p>
<p>Rather than “playing the gender card”, Gillard drew attention to it, calling out the sexism and misogyny that many women in politics had to silently endure.</p>
<p>Speaking with Gillard last year in preparation for my <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/programs/hack/media-gender-stereotypes-worse-for-gillard-than-for-thatcher/11996326?fbclid=IwAR0apGhcH9MSRawWL1RzV0EQ6pXKN4pU0MQiDodCbxduktst-GzMc8-jevs">doctoral research</a>, she noted how the conversation around gender and sexism is “everywhere now”, and that people are far more aware of and likely to challenge gendered double-standards.</p>
<p>In recent years, we have seen multiple women politicians breaking their silence, from <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-11/david-leyonhjelm-defamation-case-appeal-sarah-hanson-young/12234094">Greens Senator Sarah Hanson-Young </a> suing fellow senator David Leyonhjelm for defamation, to <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/aug/29/liberal-mp-julia-banks-to-quit-parliament-next-election-citing-bullying-and-intimidation">former Liberal MP Julia Banks</a> calling out “gender bias” and “bullying”.</p>
<p><strong>Post-politics: ‘what would Julia do?’</strong></p>
<p>Gillard lost the Labor leadership in 2013, when Rudd got his revenge and his <a href="https://theconversation.com/rudd-wins-the-game-of-thrones-15573">old job back</a>.</p>
<p>But she has left a lasting legacy as a role model for girls and young women. This stems not just from her political career, but for the way she has <a href="https://www.theaustralian.com.au/commentary/julia-gillard-the-prime-of-her-life/news-story/10c72ea64cc06a191ec8a1ba7e8f09b1">gracefully moved on</a>.</p>
<p>Since leaving politics, Gillard continues to work in the areas she cares about, with high-profile appointments in education, mental health and women’s leadership. Earlier this month, she was also <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-15/julia-gillard-on-her-new-role-coronavirus-medical-researcher/12248458">appointed as the next chair</a> of medical research giant, the Wellcome Trust.</p>
<p>Like all politicians, she’ll continue to have her critics, but her post-political life and demeanour has <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/how-will-history-remember-julia-gillard-20181025-p50bxn.html">largely been admired</a>. Gillard’s former foe, Abbott, even attended the 2018 <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-10-24/julia-gillard-portrait-unveiled-in-parliament-house/10424304">unveiling of her official portrait</a>.</p>
<p>And her career continues to resonate with people, particularly women.</p>
<p>This was recently seen when she received a <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-06-19/julia-gillard-shares-heartfelt-note-from-airline-passenger/11223258">handwritten note</a> from a stranger on a flight, which thanked her for being “such a strong, intelligent and unapologetic role model for myself and so many of my peers”.</p>
<p>The note added that the author and her female colleagues used the phrase “WWJD” or “what would Julia do”.</p>
<p>As the woman explained: “It’s our rallying cry to be the absolute best at our jobs”.</p>
<p><em>Written by Blair Williams. Republished with permission of </em><a href="https://theconversation.com/how-julia-gillard-forever-changed-australian-politics-especially-for-women-138528"><em>The Conversation.</em></a></p>