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Rough seas or smooth sailing? The cruise industry is booming despite environmental concerns

<div class="theconversation-article-body"><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/frederic-dimanche-836528">Frédéric Dimanche</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/toronto-metropolitan-university-1607">Toronto Metropolitan University</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/kelley-a-mcclinchey-1287281">Kelley A. McClinchey</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/wilfrid-laurier-university-1817">Wilfrid Laurier University</a></em></p> <p>Cruise ship season is officially underway in British Columbia. The season kicked off with the arrival of Norwegian Bliss on April 3 — the <a href="https://www.cheknews.ca/first-cruise-ship-of-the-season-to-arrive-in-victoria-in-less-than-2-weeks-1196426/">first of 318 ships</a> that are scheduled to dock in Victoria this year. Victoria saw a record 970,000 passengers arrive in 2023, with more expected in 2024.</p> <p>The cruise industry <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2021.100391">was badly hit</a> by the <a href="https://financialpost.com/financial-times/the-2020s-were-meant-to-be-a-boom-decade-for-cruises-then-covid-19-hit-them-like-a-tidal-wave">suspension of cruise operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic</a> in 2020. Fuelled by heavy consumer demand and industry innovation, cruising has made a comeback. It is now one of the fastest-growing sectors, rebounding even faster than international tourism.</p> <p>While many predicted <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/05/carnivals-struggle-to-survive-the-coronavirus-as-outbreak-wipes-out-the-cruise-industry.html">a difficult recovery</a>, a <a href="https://cruising.org/en">recent industry report shows a remarkable post-pandemic rebound</a>. Two million more people went on cruises in 2023 versus 2019, with demand predicted to top 35 million in 2024.</p> <p>But environmental issues plague the sector’s revival. Are they an indication of rough seas ahead? Or will a responsive industry mean smooth sailing?</p> <p>Cruising has long been criticized <a href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/their-purpose-is-to-be-fun-but-theres-a-dark-side-to-cruising-the-seas/dzxivdoos">for being Janus-faced</a>: on the surface, cruises are convenient, exciting holidays with reputed economic benefits. But lurking underneath are its <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.11.002">negative environmental and social impacts</a>.</p> <h2>Unprecedented growth</h2> <p>Newly constructed mega-ships are part of the industry’s unprecedented growth. Royal Caribbean’s Icon of the Seas is the <a href="https://www.cruisehive.com/top-10-biggest-cruise-ships-in-the-world/66448">largest cruise ship in the world</a>, with 18 decks, 5,600 passengers and 2,350 crew.</p> <p>MSC World Europa with 6,700 passengers and 2,100 crew, P&amp;O Arvia with 5,200 passengers and 1,800 crew, and Costa Smeralda with 6,600 passengers and 1,500 crew also claim mega-ship status.</p> <p>Those sailing to and from Alaska via Victoria will be some of the <a href="https://hakaimagazine.com/features/cruise-ship-invasion/">estimated 700,000 passengers departing Seattle</a> on massive ships three sport fields in length.</p> <p>Baby boomers represent less than 25 per cent of cruise clientele. Gen X, <a href="https://www.thenewdaily.com.au/life/2024/01/15/cruise-millennials-gen-z">Millennials and Gen Z</a> have more interest than ever in cruising, with these younger markets being targeted as the future of cruise passengers.</p> <p>The Cruise Lines International Association asserts that <a href="https://cruising.org/-/media/clia-media/research/2024/2024-state-of-the-cruise-industry-report_041424_web.ashx">82 per cent of those who have cruised will cruise again</a>. To entice first-timers and meet the needs of repeat cruisers, companies are offering new itineraries and onboard activities, from <a href="https://www.timescolonist.com/business/royal-caribbean-quantum-cruise-ship-1st-at-sea-bumper-cars-skydiving-observation-capsule-4585987">simulated skydiving and bumper cars</a> to <a href="https://nationalpost.com/travel/cruise-ship-offers-pickleball-on-the-high-seas">pickleball</a> and lawn bowling.</p> <p>Solo cruise travel is also on the rise, and <a href="https://www.cruisetradenews.com/demand-for-multi-generational-cruise-holidays-on-the-up-data-finds/">multi-generational family cruise travel</a> is flourishing, explaining the extensive variety of cabin classes, activities and restaurants available on newly constructed and retrofitted ships.</p> <p>However, only a few cruise ports are large enough to dock mega ships. Cruise lines are responding by offering off-beat experiences and catering more to the distinct desires of travellers.</p> <p>In doing so, there is a <a href="https://www.positivelyosceola.com/2024s-top-cruise-trends-embracing-smaller-ships-solo-adventures-and-luxury-suites/">move towards smaller vessels and luxury liners</a>, river cruises and <a href="https://www.travelweek.ca/news/cruise/expedition-cruising-what-is-it-and-how-do-you-sell-it/">expedition cruising</a>. Leveraging lesser-known ports that can only be accessed via compact luxury ships <a href="https://www.cntraveler.com/story/small-cruise-ships-are-more-sustainble-and-on-the-rise">offers more mission-driven, catered experiences</a> for the eco-minded traveller.</p> <h2>Cruising and environmental costs</h2> <p>Cruise ship visitors are known to negatively impact Marine World Heritage sites. While most sites regulate ballast water and wastewater discharge, there are <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020611">concerns about ship air emissions and wildlife interactions</a>.</p> <p>Cruise ship journeys along Canada’s west coast, for example, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jul/09/us-cruise-ships-using-canada-as-toilet-bowl-for-polluted-waste-alaska-british-columbia">are leaving behind a trail of toxic waste</a>. <a href="https://foe.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Comparison_of_CO2_Emissions_v2.pdf">A study by environmental organization Friends of the Earth</a> concluded that a cruise tourist generates eight times more carbon emissions per day than a land tourist in Seattle.</p> <p>Also, a rise in expedition cruising means more negative impacts (long-haul flights to farther ports, less destination management in fragile ecosystems, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/03/briefing/last-chance-tourism.html">last chance tourism</a>) and a rise in carbon dioxide emissions.</p> <p>Toxic air pollutants from cruise ships around ports are higher than pre-pandemic levels, <a href="https://www.transportenvironment.org/discover/europes-luxury-cruise-ships-emit-as-much-toxic-sulphur-as-1bn-cars-study/">leaving Europe’s port cities “choking on air pollution</a>.” Last year, Europe’s 218 cruise ships emitted as much sulphur oxides as one billion cars — a high number, considering the introduction of the <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30002-4">International Maritime Organization’s sulphur cap in 2020</a>.</p> <h2>Rough seas ahead or smooth sailing?</h2> <p>Royal Caribbean said its Icon of the Seas is designed to <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/worlds-largest-cruise-ship-sets-sail-bringing-concerns-about-methane-emissions-2024-01-27/">operate 24 per cent more efficiently than the international standard</a> for new ships. International Maritime Organization regulations <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-22/royal-caribbean-s-icon-of-the-seas-highlights-climate-impact-of-cruises">must be 30 per cent more energy-efficient</a> than those built in 2014.</p> <p>But despite the industry using liquefied natural gas instead of heavy fuel oil and electric shore power to turn off diesel engines when docking, industry critics still claim <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/jan/26/icon-of-the-seas-largest-cruise-ship-human-lasagne-climate-fuel-lng-greenwashing">the cruise sector is greenwashing</a>. As a result, some cities like Amsterdam, Barcelona and Venice are <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryroeloffs/2023/07/21/war-on-cruise-ships-amsterdam-latest-port-to-limit-or-ban-cruise-liners">limiting or banning cruise ships</a>.</p> <p>Environmental critiques remain strong, especially for <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijegeo/issue/65449/957262">polar expeditions</a>. The industry must respond and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01949-4_131">increase sustainability efforts</a>, but their measures remain reactive (i.e., merely meeting international regulations) rather than proactive. In addition, by sailing their ships under <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/05/13/real-problem-with-cruise-industry/">flags of convenience</a>, cruise companies evade taxes and demonstrate an unwillingness to abide by a nation’s environmental, health and labour regulations.</p> <p>In any case, environmental concerns are escalating along with the industry. <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/cruising-green-eco-operators-make-waves">Travel agents and industry figures are aware of these impacts</a> and should help promote cruise lines that demonstrate a commitment to sustainable practices.</p> <p>Local residents need to expect more from port authorities and local governments in order <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2024.103732">to cope with cruise tourism</a>. Cruise consumers should recognize the environmental costs of cruising, and demand accountability and transparency from cruise lines.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/228181/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/frederic-dimanche-836528"><em>Frédéric Dimanche</em></a><em>, Professor and Director, Ted Rogers School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/toronto-metropolitan-university-1607">Toronto Metropolitan University</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/kelley-a-mcclinchey-1287281">Kelley A. McClinchey</a>, Teaching Faculty, Geography and Environmental Studies, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/wilfrid-laurier-university-1817">Wilfrid Laurier University</a></em></p> <p><em>Image credits: Shutterstock</em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/rough-seas-or-smooth-sailing-the-cruise-industry-is-booming-despite-environmental-concerns-228181">original article</a>.</em></p> </div>

Cruising

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The Wiggles set sail for their latest venture

<p>The Wiggles have collaborated with an unusual partner to help Aussie families have the ultimate holiday experience.</p> <p>The children's entertainers have teamed up with Royal Caribbean Cruises for a series of exclusive Wiggles Sailings which will begin their voyage in the summer of 2025-2026, with the Wiggly Friends joining in the fun. </p> <p>Taking centre stage on the cruises are the likes of cast favourites Captain Feathersword, Dorothy the Dinosaur, Henry the Octopus, Wags the Dog and Shirley Shawn the Unicorn.</p> <p>Captain Feathersword spoke exclusively to <a href="https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/travel-stories/the-wiggles-nextlevel-move-revealed/news-story/04d9d6be943dda7b66ea25e008a9aad4" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>news.com.au</em></a> to reveal what families can expect from the unique cruising experience. </p> <p>“Ahoy there, me hearties! Gather ‘round and listen close. The Wiggles have been sailin’ the seas of family fun for over three decades, and now, we’re settin’ course for an even bigger adventure,” he said. </p> <p>“Prepare yourselves for a tidal wave of excitement. Picture this: me, Captain Feathersword at the helm, Dorothy the Dinosaur dancin’ on the deck, Henry the Octopus wavin’ his tentacles in delight, Wags the Dog waggin’ his tail with joy, and Shirley Shawn the Unicorn prancin’ about in all their splendour." </p> <p>“It’s a cast of characters fit for a tale as legendary as the sea itself. So, me hearties, batten down the hatches and get ready for an adventure of a lifetime with The Wiggles and Royal Caribbean. Ahoy and hooray.”</p> <p>Kathryn Lock, senior marketing director at <a href="https://www.royalcaribbean.com/aus/en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Royal Caribbean Cruises</a>, said they wanted to take their family adventures to the “next level” and create a truly unique adventure for current fans, first time cruisers and families alike. </p> <p>“The Wiggles have been entertaining Australian families for over 30 years, it’s one of Australia and the world’s most iconic family entertainment brands,” Ms Lock told <em>news.com.au</em>.</p> <p>“This exclusive partnership will enrich our cruise experience for the whole family and give them an impressive array of Wiggly Friends themed entertainment and trusted friends to guide them on their adventures with Royal Caribbean. We’re extremely excited for this partnership and what’s to come.”</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images </em></p>

Cruising

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What it’s like to cruise around the world

<p>Harry Phillips has checked off all the locations he dreamed to visit as a little boy growing up in Sydney – and he’s done it all by cruising.</p> <p>Harry has enjoyed a 75-night cruise around the Pacific and a 104-day cruise around the world and recommends cruising as a fun and convenient way to travel the globe. </p> <p>“I was just amazed the sights I saw on my cruise around the world. I saw places I had only read about, United States, Europe, Arabian Gulf, Asia, just so many great ports,” he tells Over60.</p> <p>Harry first got a taste for travelling on the sea when he embarked on a cruise around the Pacific on the Sun Princess.</p> <p>“The most memorable day was when we organised a mock wedding with the crew help. It had a cake and we held the wedding on the back deck. We had a friend dress as a minister, I was the MC and there were groomsmen and bridesmaids. It was a beautiful day, about 80 people turned up and thought it was for real,” he recalls.</p> <p>Two years later, his passion for exploring the world had not abated so Harry embarked on his second cruise on the Dawn Princess where he travelled around the globe.</p> <p>“I'm a widower and so is my lady friend and we both like warm weather. Those two years we were away from the cold weather,” he says.</p> <p>Some of his friends joined the two as they sailed from England to Sydney but “missed some great ports in America.”</p> <p><strong>Breaking expectations</strong></p> <p>Not everyone thought Harry’s adventure was a good idea. But Harry prove them wrong. He believes cruising reduces the majority of stresses that comes with travelling.</p> <p>“Friends said I was mad to be on a ship that long but most of the time you’re ashore all day sightseeing and only come back aboard to eat and sleep. Then you wake up in a different port. I tell them it's like traveling the world with a great hotel following you,” he says.</p> <p>“It’s the best way to see the world. You get on in Sydney unpack and have a drink while you sail away to see the world. You don't have to worry where to eat or stay, no worries about the weight of your bags. You see some of the best places in the world and I can tell you sailing into Sydney after 104 nights away is the most beautiful sight in the world.”</p> <p>For Harry, cruising the world is the prefect holiday. He can’t think of any negative aspects to his experience. The sheer excitement of looking forward to what he would see in the next port they stopped at made his day, every day.</p> <p><strong>Many highlights</strong></p> <p>Harry has taken away many highlights from his cruises – from visiting Normandy, to being stunned by the French country side and watching the changing of the guards in a palace in Monte Carlo.</p> <p>“One of our most memorable nights on board was on the formal night when we were invited to a private party by the Head Maitre D, his name was Rui. it was a birthday dinner for the first officer and there were two officers, another couple and us. It was a feast with jumbo prawns, lobster tails and we had flaming Bombe Alaska dessert,” he recalls.</p> <p>“It was a fabulous night, the wine flowed and we would only take a sip out of our glasses and the waiters would top it up. For the life of me I never realised why we were invited but we seemed to get along with Rui. He was very suave Italian, always immaculately dressed, not a hair out of place and to me he looked like he just stepped out of The Sopranos.”</p> <p><em>Images: Getty</em></p>

Cruising

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Set sail in style alongside these sporting legends

<p dir="ltr">The time has come for sports fans with a passion for cruising to live their dreams, with <a href="https://www.cunard.com/en-au/cruise-types/event-cruises/sporting-greats">The Voyage of Sporting Greats</a> - the latest offering to the world of thrilling themed voyages from British luxury cruise line Cunard. </p> <p dir="ltr">The first-of-its-kind-trip will set sail in February 2024, headlined by none other than AFL legend Adam Goodes, cricket’s Brett Lee, and golfer Karrie Webb. <em>Sunrise </em>and Olympic presenter Mark Beretta will also be joining in on the fun, as well as Bruce McLaren’s daughter, Amanda McLaren.</p> <p dir="ltr">While onboard, guests will have the opportunity to attend live fireside chats with their sporting heroes, to enjoy sports-themed shore excursions with those very same stars, and to get to know them better - if you’ve ever wondered just how heavy some of those trophies can be, now’s your chance to ask.</p> <p dir="ltr">For example, the Queen Elizabeth - one of four ships setting sail as part of the 2024 fleet, alongside Queen Mary 2, Queen Victoria, and the brand new Queen Anne - has a jam-packed star-studded program to offer guests, featuring everything from talks to sporting activities, and unique excursions to the shore in Sydney, Melbourne, and Hobart. </p> <p dir="ltr">Additionally, the Queen Elizabeth - the second largest ship in Cunard’s fleet with room for 2,000 guests and an additional 1,000 crew - boasts more than 10 different eating establishments, an entire Games Desk with the likes of paddle tennis, croquet, hitting bays, and bowls, as well as an impressive two-story library, a ballroom, and a Royal Court Theatre - the latter will even host performances by <a href="https://circa.org.au/">Circa</a>, an Australian contemporary circus company, in February 2024. </p> <p dir="ltr">As Katrina McAlpine, the commercial director of Cunard Australia and New Zealand, explained, “we are extremely excited to host some of the biggest local names in sport on Queen Elizabeth next February. </p> <p dir="ltr">“Brett Lee, Adam Goodes, Karrie Webb, Mark Beretta, and Amanda McLaren will captivate sport enthusiasts with stories of their career defining moments, their professional highs and lows, and give guests the unique opportunity to get up close and personal with them during priceless and bespoke activities onboard and ashore. </p> <p dir="ltr">“The Voyage of Sporting Greats offers sports fans a once in a lifetime chance to meet and engage with some of our country’s most famous sporting icons in one place.”</p> <p dir="ltr">2014 Australian of the Year and AFL great Adam Goodes, for one, is eager to join in on the fun with his fellow sporting greats, noting that “this is a spectacular opportunity to join the other sporting icons and connect with guests aboard Cunard’s Queen Elizabeth. I am looking forward to sharing stories about my career, what drives and inspires me and what projects I am currently working on. </p> <p dir="ltr">“I am specifically keen to talk to fans onboard and create great memories of the sailing for them.”</p> <p dir="ltr">Celebrated Australian golfer Karrie Webb is similarly excited for Cunard guests to experience their athletic lineup. And golf fans in particular will benefit, with Karrie “very much looking forward to sharing with guests my favourite tips and golf stories, as well as having a swing with them onboard.”</p> <p dir="ltr">Amanda McLaren - daughter of the late Bruce McLaren -  is honoured to be taking part, and “can’t wait to interact with guests and to share the McLaren racing story - and my father’s legacy that kick started in Australia.”</p> <p dir="ltr">And for cricket legend Brett Lee, the trip is set to become the highlight of his year, with the star most looking forward to catching up with guests on the “voyage for the ages”.</p> <p dir="ltr">The same could be said for and by renowned sports presenter Mark Beretta, who is thrilled to be facilitating the talent on deck as they share their stories. </p> <p dir="ltr">“Sharing stories of Australian sporting history and anecdotes from behind the scenes of the world of sports, plus talking to some of the biggest stars in Australian sport is going to be a treat for me and our guests,” he shared. “I’m also looking forward to getting on the road with guests to host a very special excursion!”</p> <p dir="ltr">The stars and their fellow cruisers will depart from Sydney on February 13 2024, heading to Tasmania and back over a span of 7 nights, with stops to stretch their legs and enjoy all that the shore has to offer in Hobart, Port Arthur, and Melbourne.</p> <p dir="ltr">To find our more about costs the voyage’s impressive guest list, and what’s on offer on this trip of a lifetime, potential passengers can learn all about it - and secure their spot - here: <a href="https://www.cunard.com/en-au/cruise-types/event-cruises/sporting-greats">https://www.cunard.com/en-au/cruise-types/event-cruises/sporting-greats</a></p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Images: Cunard [supplied]</em></p>

Cruising

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Historic Swedish sailing ship slow to give up its secrets

<div> <p>The Swedish ship Vasa was supposed to be a beacon of military might when it launched in 1628, but it sank after sailing just over a kilometre, killing roughly 30 people  in the process.</p> <p>Since its recovery in 1961, the ship, its contents and the people who perished with it have become a valuable insight into 17th-century Swedish life.</p> <p>Now, an international team of researchers has looked closer at one of the skeletons, referred to as G, and have confirmed that it’s female.</p> <p>“Through osteological analysis it has been possible to discover a great deal about these people, such as their age, height and medical history. Osteologists recently suspected that G could be female, on the basis of the pelvis. DNA analysis can reveal even more,” says Dr Fred Hocker, director of research at the Vasa Museum, Sweden.</p> <p>“It is very difficult to extract DNA from bone which has been on the bottom of the sea for 333 years, but not impossible”, says Professor Marie Allen, a forensic geneticist at Uppsala University in Sweden.</p> <p>“Already some years ago we had indications that skeleton G was not a man but a woman. Simply put, we found no Y-chromosomes in G’s genetic material. But we could not be certain and wanted to confirm the result.”</p> <p>They were able to do that with a technique developed by the US Department of Defense’s Armed Forces Medical Examiner System’s Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFMES-AFDIL).</p> <p>“We took new samples from bones for which we had specific questions. AFMES-AFDIL has now analysed the samples, and we have been able to confirm that G was a woman, thanks to the new test,” says Allen.</p> <p>Allen, along with AFMES-AFDIL collaborator Dr Kimberly Andreaggi, is now investigating the DNA for more detail about G.</p> <p>“Today we can extract much more information from historic DNA than we could earlier and methods are being continuously refined. We can say if a person was predisposed to certain illnesses, or even very small details, such as if they had freckles and wet or dry ear wax,” says Allen.</p> <p>The Vasa Museum, meanwhile, is collecting information for a book about the people who died on the ship.</p> <p>“We want to come as close to these people as we can. We have known that there were women on board Vasa when it sank, and now we have received confirmation that they are among the remains,” says museum historian Dr Anna Maria Forssberg.</p> <p>“I am currently researching the wives of seamen, so for me this is especially exciting, since they are often forgotten even though they played an important role for the navy.”</p> </div> <div id="contributors"> <p><em>This article was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/history/vasa-shipwreck-female/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cosmosmagazine.com</a> and was written by Ellen Phiddian. </em></p> <p><em>Images: Getty</em></p> </div>

Technology

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World’s sixth largest cruise ship will never sail

<p dir="ltr">A cruise ship designed to hold more than 9,000 passengers - making it one of the largest in the world - will never set sail, instead travelling straight to a scrapyard.</p> <p dir="ltr">In a shipyard on Germany’s Baltic coast, the Global Dream II was almost complete when MV Werften, the shipbuilder, filed for bankruptcy in January 2022, per <em><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/jun/20/global-dream-ii-unfinished-9000-passenger-cruise-ship-to-be-scrapped" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Guardian</a></em>.</p> <p dir="ltr">Lacking the funds to complete the vessel themselves, the company sought a buyer for it.</p> <p dir="ltr">Though the facilities were successfully sold to a German naval unit, the Global Dream II will be scrapped as it isn’t outfitted for military purposes.</p> <p dir="ltr">Christoph Morgen, the administrator for the bankrupt company, reportedly told a press conference that the Global Dream II would need to be moved out of the shipyard by the end of the year.</p> <p dir="ltr">German cruise industry magazine <em><a href="https://anbord.de/global-dream-ii-wird-verschrottet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">An Bord</a></em> reported that its lower hull would be disposed of for scrap price.</p> <p dir="ltr">The looming ship, along with its sister ship, Global Dream, would have held the record for largest cruise ships by passenger capacity. </p> <p dir="ltr">With a combined weight of 208,000 tons, the ships would have also been the sixth largest cruise ships by size, trailing behind the Royal Caribbean’s Oasis-class ships.</p> <p><span id="docs-internal-guid-0fd68e81-7fff-d347-ae8a-b9fa02390ee6"></span></p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>

Cruising

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Commuters rejoice! Auckland’s first electric ferries to set sail in 2024

<p dir="ltr">Two electric ferries are expected to be in the waters of Auckland by 2024 after the New Zealand government announced it would contribute $27 million in funding for the project.</p> <p dir="ltr">Minister of Energy and Resources Megan Woods made the announcement outside Auckland’s downtown ferry terminal, confirming that the funds would come from the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority, as reported by <em><a href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/climate-news/128452777/government-commits-27m-for-electric-ferries-in-auckland" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stuff</a></em>.</p> <p dir="ltr">The funds will also cover the majority of the project’s costs and will account for approximately 75 percent of the cost to build the two ferries.</p> <p dir="ltr">“This project will be a major boost to the rapidly developing maritime clean technology sector in New Zealand and will further upskill the maritime transport sector in New Zealand,” Ms Woods said. </p> <p dir="ltr">“This is a boost for our climate goals and our economy, which is especially vital as we continue our economic recovery from COVID-19.”</p> <p dir="ltr">With the city’s current, ageing fleet of ferries accounting for nearly seven percent of public transport journeys and about 20 percent of public transport emissions, Climate Change Minister James Shaw said the new ferries were “another important step” in working towards a low emissions future.</p> <p dir="ltr">“As a harbour city, getting around by ferry is the norm for many thousands of Auckalnders,” Mr Shaw said.</p> <p dir="ltr">“Today’s announcement means that instead of fossil fuels powering many of those journeys, people will be getting around in ways that help create a climate-friendly, prosperous future for New Zealand.”</p> <p dir="ltr">The ferries, developed by Auckland-based <a href="https://evmaritime.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">EV Maritime</a>, will also contribute to Auckland City Council’s commitment to halve greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, which requires transport emissions to be slashed by 64 percent.</p> <p dir="ltr">They have been developed with a range capable of covering several routes in Auckland’s inner and mid-harbour with a design similar to the electric ferry running in Wellington.</p> <p dir="ltr">Ms Woods announced the government would also be supporting 15 big businesses to move away from using fossil fuels in their production processes, providing $13 million in funding that will be matched by $32.66 million from private industry.</p> <p dir="ltr">“In partnering with the private sector through the third round of the Government Investment in Decarbonising Industry (GIDI) Fund we’re helping clean up production processes, and helping business stay ahead of the curve.”</p> <p dir="ltr">It comes just months after the first electric passenger ferry in the Southern Hemisphere <a href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/wellington-top-stories/127908781/electric-ferry-makes-maiden-passenger-voyage-across-wellington-harbour" target="_blank" rel="noopener">made its maiden journey</a> across Wellington’s harbour.</p> <p dir="ltr">The Ika Rere (“flying fish”) in Wellington can carry a maximum of 135 passengers - compared to the 99-person limit of its diesel predecessors - while its Auckland counterparts will seat up to 200 people.</p> <p><span id="docs-internal-guid-996c629c-7fff-77cd-49bf-fe52f45e6d96"></span></p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: EV Maritime (Facebook)</em></p>

Domestic Travel

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Does the US have the right to sail warships through the South China Sea? And can China stop them?

<p>Images of what appeared to be US warships <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/08/satellite-images-china-mock-ups-us-warships">emerged</a> from China last month, but they were not anywhere near an ocean. In fact, they were thousands of kilometres away, in a desert in western China.</p> <p>Military experts said the mock-ups of US warships were part of a new target range developed by the People’s Liberation Army. The images demonstrate how seriously China is taking the repeated appearances of foreign warships in waters it claims to control – and why this is a worry for the stability of the region.</p> <p>In late November, a US destroyer <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/23/us-warship-sails-through-taiwan-strait-first-since-biden-xi-meet">sailed</a> through the Taiwan Strait, prompting a warning from China to “stop stirring up trouble, crossing the line and playing with fire”. This followed sailings of naval ships through the strait in recent months by <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/us-canadian-warships-sailed-through-taiwan-strait-last-week-2021-10-17/">Canada</a>, <a href="https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4314084">France</a> and <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/sep/28/uk-sends-warship-through-taiwan-straight-for-first-time-in-more-than-a-decade">the UK</a>.</p> <p>The aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson, meanwhile, <a href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3155365/more-warships-are-raising-risk-misfire-south-china-sea">made nine visits</a> to the South China Sea this year, most recently in October when it <a href="https://www.navytimes.com/news/your-navy/2021/10/27/uss-carl-vinson-operates-in-south-china-sea-with-japan-maritime-self-defense-force/">conducted training exercises</a> with a Japanese helicopter destroyer.</p> <p>China has been incensed by this uptick in naval activity. Beijing claims the vast majority of the South China Sea as its own and regards self-governing Taiwan as a renegade province.</p> <p>In a clear demonstration of its own naval capabilities, four People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) vessels <a href="https://www.alaskapublic.org/2021/09/14/coast-guard-encountered-chinese-warships-in-the-aleutians/">conducted military and surveillance operations</a> just 75km (45 miles) off the coast of Alaska in the US exclusive economic zone in late August.</p> <p>Both nations’ naval operations are fuelling an atmosphere of deep distrust and suspicion. Chinese commentators blame the US for turning the Taiwan Strait into a flashpoint, and characterise US transits in the South China Sea as provocative violations of China’s sovereignty.</p> <p>And although the passage of the PLAN vessels near Alaska was in compliance with international law, the US is concerned about China’s aims to aggressively expand its naval operations to become the dominant power in the Pacific.</p> <p>With tensions running high in the Pacific, where does international law come in? What does the law say about sailing vessels in disputed waters, and have China or the US and its allies violated these rules?</p> <h2>The rule of law in the oceans</h2> <p>The <a href="https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/UNCLOS-TOC.htm">United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea</a> (UNCLOS) establishes the rule of law in the oceans, as well as the rights of both coastal and maritime states.</p> <p>For example, coastal states have the right to control and manage the resources in their exclusive economic zones (EEZ), which extend 200 nautical miles (370km) from their shores.</p> <p>At the same time, these zones remain international waters. This means foreign vessels have a right of innocent passage. They must travel on the surface of the water and not threaten the “peace, good order, or security of the coastal state”.</p> <p>Coastal states may stop foreign ships from passing through their EEZ if they deem it “non-innocent”, but the passage itself cannot be considered a threat.</p> <p>UNCLOS also specifies which waters fall under a state’s direct sovereign control, otherwise known as its “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_waters#Territorial_sea">territorial seas</a>”. This extends at most 12 nautical miles (22km) from a nation’s coast.</p> <p>Some of the world’s most important waterways, such as the <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/18366503.2014.956856">Straits of Malacca</a> between Indonesia and Malaysia and the Taiwan Strait, fall into this category.</p> <p>Foreign ships still retain the right to pass through these territorial waters, as long as they navigate “<a href="https://www.maritime-executive.com/features/Maritime-Security-Private-The-Concept-of-Innocent-Passage">continuously and expeditiously</a>”, not stopping or anchoring. Coastal states may not prohibit or impede a vessel’s innocent transit.</p> <h2>Ambiguity being exploited by China</h2> <p>UNCLOS is scattered with undefined and ambiguous terms in an attempt to strike a balance between the competing interests of coastal and maritime states.</p> <p>This ambiguity raises the risk of clashing interpretations of the law, as well as the potential for nations to exploit it for their own purposes. China, for example, has complained US surveillance in its EEZ is not for “peaceful purposes” – an undefined term under UNCLOS.</p> <p>UNCLOS also does not grant sovereignty over the sea in the absolute terms that China claims. Under the convention, the sea is shared by states and no nation can claim absolute dominion over it.</p> <p>In recent years, China has passed domestic laws that claim to supersede international law. For example, Beijing <a href="https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/deliberate-ambiguity-china-s-new-territorial-waters-declaration">requires vessels</a> to seek permission before undertaking innocent passage through the South China Sea, which it considers its “territorial waters”.</p> <p><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/437677/original/file-20211215-19-hzffee.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="Chinese vessels in the South China Sea." /> <span class="caption">Chinese vessels moored at Whitsun Reef in the South China Sea.</span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">National Task Force-West Philippine Sea/AP</span></span></p> <p>China also claims <a href="https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/how-china-bending-rules-south-china-sea">historical control</a> over the South China Sea, which is also not clearly defined under UNCLOS. Historical control over waters has been recognised under international law, but this requires a state to have had continuous authority over a sea, with the acquiescence of other nations.</p> <p>China’s claim to historical control over the South China Sea has been <a href="https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/whatever-happened-south-china-sea-ruling">dismissed</a> by an <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/12/philippines-wins-south-china-sea-case-against-china">international tribunal</a> and vigorously protested by its neighbours, as well as other nations without claims to the waters.</p> <h2>US belief in freedom of navigation</h2> <p>The US maintains its passages through the Taiwan Strait and South China Sea are within its rights under UNCLOS, even though it is not a signatory. (It believes the convention contains pre-existing customary rights, such as the freedom of navigation, which all nations have always enjoyed.)</p> <p>To maintain these rights, Washington has maintained a <a href="https://interactives.lowyinstitute.org/archive/fonops/">Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOPS) program</a> since the late 1970s. The purpose of these operations is to ensure all nations retain their unrestricted sea transit rights as spelled out under UNCLOS.</p> <p>As such, FONOPS send an overt message – the US has the right to sail its warships through the South China Sea because UNCLOS permits it. There must be no ambiguity under the convention when it comes to this.</p> <p>China claims FONOPS are a mask for unwarranted aggression and regional interference. Beijing’s opposition is not surprising – the program contests the legality of both China’s sea claims and its attempts to restrict navigational freedom through these waters.</p> <p>China has no legal grounds for dismissing these international rules. However, the longer it does, the more likely the tensions in the South China Sea and Taiwan Strait are going to intensify.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/166742/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/claudio-bozzi-8264">Claudio Bozzi</a>, Lecturer in Law, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/deakin-university-757">Deakin University</a></em></span></p> <p>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/does-the-us-have-the-right-to-sail-warships-through-the-south-china-sea-and-can-china-stop-them-166742">original article</a>.</p> <p><em>Image: Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Samantha Jetzer/US Navy/AP</em></p>

International Travel

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P&O Cruises Australia Cancels More Sailings Until April 2022

<p><em>Image: Cruise Passenger </em></p> <p>P&amp;O Cruises Australia has cancelled further cruises until mid-April 2022.</p> <p>The extension of the government’s cruise ban in Australia marks two years since the line has sailed Down Under. Cruises departing from March 3 till April 16, 2022 from Sydney and Brisbane will be cancelled and this also marks the 23rd cruise cancellation announcement since the pandemic.</p> <p>President of <span>P&amp;O</span> Cruises Australia Sture Myrmell said that during this entire period guests had displayed incredible patience and loyalty to <span>P&amp;O</span> and cruising.</p> <p>“However, as we approach the two-year mark in our rolling pause in operations, it is understandable that our guests will be very disappointed and frustrated that there is still no agreed restart plan for cruising in Australia,” Mr Myrmell said.</p> <p>“Federal and state governments are yet to outline their requirements for restart despite the nation’s high vaccination rate, the cruise industry’s comprehensive health protocols, vaccination policies for guests and crew and the successful resumption of cruising in other international markets.</p> <p>“Our loyal guests, travel agents and many suppliers whose businesses depend on cruising along with thousands of jobs are simply looking for certainty so that they can plan for the future. Reaching this two-year anniversary is discouraging for so many of them.”</p> <p>Late last week, the Federal Government extended Australia’s cruise ban by another two months.</p> <p>“After an absence of two years, it will take us several months and significant cost to manage the complex logistics necessary to return a ship to service before sailing back to Australian waters,” Mr Myrmell said.</p> <p>“This includes engaging our crew and re-training them to meet new operating protocols when they are known as well as re-stocking the ship with local fresh produce and refreshing onboard guest service operations that have also been on-hold for such a long time.</p> <p>“It is a big task and we need to understand the operating environment before we begin the process of returning. To date, no government authority, federal or state, has provided feedback on the industry’s proposed operational guidelines to enable an informed decision on bringing our ships back to Australia.”</p> <p> </p>

Cruising

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The world’s first fully vaccinated cruise sets sail

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The world’s first fully vaccinated cruise ship has set sail from Florida after winning a lengthy legal battle. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Norwegian Cruise Lines (NCL) restarted their operation on August 15th with the Norwegian Gem setting sail from </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Florida with fully vaccinated passengers and crew.</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The voyage is a result of a legal feat by the line’s parent company Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings, who had sued the state of Florida to let the cruise commence. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The legal action was taken against the state, as state law </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">banned businesses from requiring people to disclose their COVID-19 vaccination status.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Despite this law, the cruise company was insistent on having 100 percent of people on board fully vaccinated against coronavirus, as opposed to adopting voyages that allow a mix of vaccinated and unvaccinated passengers.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">On August 8th, a judge ruled in favour of a preliminary injunction on the law, allowing the cruise line to go ahead with their vaccination policy.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This win kick-started NCL voyages worldwide, as cruises departed from both Greece and Alaska following the courtroom win. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Harry Sommer, NCL's president and CEO said in a press release that the win was felt around the world as the company could resume safe operations. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"It has been an exhilarating few weeks as we relaunch our fleet, reunite with our shipboard families and welcome our guests back for their long-awaited cruise vacations," he said.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">​​"Today is even more special as it is the first time we are relaunching from our hometown and from the new NCL Terminal at PortMiami. After many months, we are ready to deliver a safe and memorable experience for our guests at every step of their cruise journey."</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Image credit: Shutterstock</span></em></p>

Travel Trouble

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Setting sail: How to pick the perfect cruise for you

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The rise of popularity of cruises means that there is now a good option to suit any type of cruise holiday, in pretty much any location you can imagine. So, with that much choice, how do you pick the best cruise for you?</span></p> <p><strong>Plan in place</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cruise prices vary dramatically - they can be anything from under a hundred dollars to many thousands per night. You may want to reward yourself or celebrate a special occasion and spend a little extra, or perhaps you just need some well-deserved time away on a realistic budget. Set an amount you’re willing to spend and how long you can manage to away for and then start investigating options. Planning a cruise can be part of the fun!</span></p> <p><strong>Cruisey options</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Is your goal to simply put your feet up, relax and enjoy some great food and wine? Or are you looking for your next big action adventure? Some cruise companies such as the Holland America are very traditional and offer classy events such as classic afternoon tea’s and ballroom dancing. Other cruise companies such as P&amp;O offer active activities like high rope swings, laser tag, slack lines, Segway options and more. Ensure you investigate special activities offered on board before booking to find a cruise option to suit you.</span></p> <p><strong>Destinations</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One of the most important considerations when choosing a cruise is the ports you’ll be experiencing. Be aware that not all itineraries are guaranteed as unforeseen circumstances such as weather can prevent a ships ability to get to a port. To ensure you are covered pick a cruise with a variety of destinations you’ll be happy to visit.</span></p> <p><strong>All inclusive </strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cruises are either all-inclusive, part-inclusive or pay as you go. Often food is included however, alcohol usually isn’t. Getting into the habit of a morning walk after a buffet breakfast means you can enjoy the fresh air and not feel guilty about having some extra bacon. Most cruises also provide a ship credit card which is linked to your bank account to pay for expenses on board. There is an option to put a daily limit on your card so you don’t overspend. It can be a lot of fun to enjoy buffet style food and an option of different restaurants and never have to reach for your wallet.</span></p> <p><strong>Go cruising</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There are options galore! Cruises can go from anything from three days to many months. If you haven’t been on a cruise before try a couple of weeks at sea first off. It is a great excuse to enjoy a longer cruise next time.</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Republished with permission of </span><a href="https://www.wyza.com.au/articles/travel/setting-sail-how-to-pick-the-perfect-cruise.aspx"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Wyza.com.au.</span></a></em></p>

Cruising

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Is sailing the secret to eco-friendly travel?

<p>I have travelled from Plymouth to the UN headquarters in New York many times, often to discuss how to protect the oceans from climate change. The deeply uncomfortable irony was that the carbon emitted on my fossil fuel-powered journey directly contributed to the problem I was there to solve.</p> <p>Greta Thunberg’s decision to travel the exact same journey to the <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-summit-2019.shtml">UN Climate Action Summit</a> on state-of-the-art sailing boat Malizia II shows that there are principled alternatives. But is there a way for the rest of us to cross the Atlantic without taking to the skies?</p> <p>Thunberg’s <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/aug/28/greta-thunberg-arrival-in-new-york-delayed-by-rough-seas">14-day voyage</a> was significantly faster than the typical sail time of three to four weeks, but that’s still not for anyone in a rush. Speed comes at the cost of comfort, too. Pictures from inside Malizia II show a pared-down interior, even lacking a functional toilet on board. Such extreme measures are unlikely to interest most travellers and, at any rate, hopping on one of the world’s fastest wind-powered yachts isn’t an option for most of us.</p> <p>But sailing is a more feasible option than you might think. Private boats cross the ocean constantly. New online services that match boat owners with travellers mean that hitching a ride is more plausible than ever. For those with the right skills, this could be as a member of the boat’s crew or for those without, as a passenger. Some boats require payment, others don’t.</p> <p>The market is changing, too. Companies such as UK-based VoyageVert are actively exploring opportunities to develop sail-powered oceanic travel for groups of up to 200 people and envisage a fleet of transoceanic sail-powered passenger vessels. Travelling in such a way would drastically cut the carbon cost of crossing the Atlantic – though it’s not likely to be cheap. For climate-conscious travelers with time – and probably money – to spare, sailing is the only way to travel.</p> <p><strong>A transatlantic ferry service?</strong></p> <p>But what about travel for the masses? A potentially quicker and more cost-effective alternative would be to take a ferry. Many countries are connected by ferries, but a transatlantic ferry service does not yet exist – largely because of plentiful, faster and cheaper flights. The closest alternative is to take a seven-day voyage in a cruise ship, which would set you back around £1,700 for a basic cabin and a return ticket.</p> <p>This isn’t exactly cheap either – and nor will it save much on your carbon footprint. Cruise vessels are one of the most energy-intensive of all tourism activities, emitting <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966692318309116">significant quantities</a> of greenhouse gases and health-damaging pollutants including nitrous oxide, sulphur dioxide and particulate matter. In fact, perhaps unexpectedly, the carbon dioxide generated per passenger in a standard class cabin on a seven-day cruise on board a large modern vessel is approximately <a href="https://www.myclimate.org/compensate/">1.5 times</a> that of a single economy flight between London and New York.</p> <p>Admittedly, some of these emissions will be from the many activities on the ship rather than fuel and basic power consumption. An alternative ferry service with many of the luxuries of the cruise ship experience stripped away would be more climate-friendly, though by how much is difficult to say as ferry companies don’t routinely disclose carbon emissions. And the isolation of a seven-day oceanic journey with few activities may not appeal to many travellers.</p> <p>But the carbon cost of these journeys should come down significantly in the next 20 years. The traditional reliance of vessels on <a href="https://www.wired.com/story/container-ships-use-super-dirty-fuel-that-needs-to-change/">heavy fuel oil</a>, which creates air pollution and contributes to climate heating, is reducing. Thanks to new International Maritime Organisation (IMO) regulations to substantially reduce <a href="http://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx">air pollutant</a> and <a href="http://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-ships.aspx">greenhouse gas</a> emissions from ships in the next decade, greener fuels are slowly coming into use.</p> <p>Like cars, hybrid vessels combining conventional engines with batteries are also becoming increasingly common. Cruise companies are considering even greater use of battery power in response to the new 2020 regulations, as well as to minimise pollution in the sensitive environments many of their boats disturb, such as coral reefs and fjords.</p> <p>Other technologies such as solar collectors, conventional sails and keel-mounted turbines are also increasingly contributing to the propulsion, electricity and heating of ships. My estimate is that collectively, these technologies could reduce carbon emissions by as much as 50% over the next 20 years.</p> <p>But while these innovations will reduce both carbon emissions and damaging <a href="https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1361920915002023?token=88F2092F9CC654CF5311A3934274314C7518870B54B7814951D6E986DFBDA95C811A4C08133526FD8C77E111BD6C5E01">air pollution</a> from vessels, if anything they’re likely to increase travel time. As such, transatlantic surface travel is likely to remain of limited appeal, even if prices become more affordable.</p> <p><a href="https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/27350/the-u-s-navy-has-unveiled-a-new-hydrofoil-its-first-in-decades">Hydrofoil technology</a> that lifts a vessel’s hull out of water – thereby reducing drag and increasing speed – does have the potential to significantly reduce journey times. But for this to affect transatlantic crossings, the size and weight of ocean-going vessels would need to tumble, which means using much lighter materials that either don’t yet exist or are cost-prohibitive.</p> <p>Until then, journey time will remain the primary barrier to low-carbon ocean travel. For now, the only answer for most of us wanting to minimise our impact on the planet is to minimise how much we travel across it – especially when it comes to crossing vast expanses of water.</p> <p><em>Written by <span>Steve Fletcher, Professor of Ocean Policy and Economy, University of Portsmouth</span>. Republished with permission of </em><a rel="noopener" href="https://theconversation.com/greta-thunberg-made-it-to-new-york-emissions-free-but-the-ocean-doesnt-yet-hold-the-key-to-low-carbon-travel-122518" target="_blank"><em>The Conversation</em></a><em>. </em></p>

International Travel

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Feeling flight shame? Try quitting air travel and catch a sail boat

<p>If you’ve caught a long haul flight recently, you generated more carbon emissions than <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2019/jul/19/carbon-calculator-how-taking-one-flight-emits-as-much-as-many-people-do-in-a-year">a person living in some developing countries</a> emits in an entire year.</p> <p>If that fact doesn’t ruffle you, consider this: <a href="https://www.iata.org/pressroom/pr/Pages/2017-10-24-01.aspx">worldwide, 7.8 billion passengers</a> are expected to travel in 2036 - a near doubling of current numbers. If business as usual continues, one analysis says the aviation sector alone could <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/aviation-consume-quarter-carbon-budget">emit one-quarter of the world’s remaining carbon budget</a> - the amount of carbon dioxide emissions allowed if global temperature rise is to stay below 1.5℃.</p> <p>The world urgently needs a transport system that allows people to travel around the planet without destroying it.</p> <p>A group of European climate activists are sending this message to world leaders by <a href="https://www.sailtothecop.com/project/journey">sailing</a>, rather than flying, to a <a href="https://unfccc.int/Santiago">United Nations climate conference in Chile</a> in December.</p> <p>The Sail to the COP initiative follows Greta Thunberg’s high-profile sea voyage to attend last month’s United Nations climate summit in New York. The activists are not arguing global yacht travel is the new normal - in fact therein lies the problem. We need to find viable alternatives to fossil-fuelled air travel, and fast.</p> <h2>Why aviation emissions matter</h2> <p>A study conducted for the European Parliament has warned that if action to reduce flight emissions is further postponed, international aviation may be responsible for <a href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/569964/IPOL_STU(2015)569964_EN.pdf">22% of global carbon emissions by 2050</a> - up from <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/19/climate/air-travel-emissions.html">about 2.5%</a> now. This increasing share would occur because aviation emissions are set to grow, while other sectors will emit less.</p> <p>In Australia, aviation underpins many aspects of business, trade and tourism.</p> <p>The below image from global flight tracking service <a href="https://www.flightradar24.com">Flightradar24</a> shows the number of planes over Australia at the time of writing.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/294963/original/file-20191001-173369-93uhbc.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="" /> <span class="caption">A screen shot from Flightradar24 showing the flights over Australia at the time of writing.</span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">Flightradar24</span></span></p> <p><a href="https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/aviation/environmental/emissions/index.aspx%20Australia's%20civil%20aviation%20sector%20(both%20domestic%20and%20international)">Federal government figures show</a> the civil aviation sector, domestic and international, contributed 22 million tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions in 2016.</p> <p>The number of passenger movements from all Australian airports is set to <a href="https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/aviation/environmental/emissions/files/Managing-the-Carbon-Footprint-of-Australian-Aviation.pdf">increase by 3.7% a year</a> by 2030-31, to almost 280 million.</p> <h2>To change, start with a jet fuel tax</h2> <p>While airlines are <a href="https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/aviation/environmental/emissions/index.aspx">taking some action to cut carbon emissions</a>, such as introducing newer and more fuel efficient aircraft, the measures are not enough to offset the expected growth in passenger numbers. And major technological leaps such as electric aircraft are <a href="http://theconversation.com/climate-explained-why-dont-we-have-electric-aircraft-123910">decades away from commercial reality</a>.</p> <p>Emissions from international flights cannot easily be attributed to any single country, and no country wants to count them as their own. This means that international civil aviation is not regulated under the Paris Agreement. <a href="https://www.routledge.com/Regime-Interaction-and-Climate-Change-The-Case-of-International-Aviation/Martinez-Romera/p/book/9781315451817">Instead, responsibility</a> has been delegated to the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).</p> <p>The Sail to the COP initiative is calling for several actions. First, they say jet fuel should be taxed. At present it isn’t - meaning airlines are not paying for their environmental damage. This also puts more sustainable transport alternatives, which do pay tax, at a disadvantage.</p> <p><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14693062.2018.1562871">Research suggests</a> a global carbon tax on jet fuel would be the most efficient way to achieve climate goals.</p> <p>But instead, in 2016 ICAO established a <a href="https://www.icao.int/corsia">global scheme for carbon offsetting</a> in international aviation. Under the plan, airlines will have to pay for emissions reduction in other sectors to offset any increase in their own emissions after 2020.</p> <p><iframe width="440" height="260" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8vqwzwazX-s?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></p> <p>Critics say the strategy will not have a significant impact - pointing out, for example, that the aviation industry is aiming to only stabilise its emissions, not reduce them.</p> <p>In contrast, the international shipping sector has <a href="http://theconversation.com/why-decarbonizing-marine-transportation-might-not-be-smooth-sailing-116949">pledged to halve its emissions by 2050</a>, based on 2008 levels. Some small shipping companies are even using <a href="https://theconversation.com/plain-sailing-how-traditional-methods-could-deliver-zero-emission-shipping-97180">zero-emissions sail propulsion</a> as a sustainable means of cargo transport.</p> <p>Sail to the COP is also seeking to promote other sustainable ways of travelling such as train, boat, bus or bike. It says aviation taxes are key to this, because it would encourage growth in other transport modes and make it easier for people to to make a sustainable transport choice.</p> <p>A growing number of people around the world are already making better choices. In Thunberg’s native Sweden for example, the term “flygskam” - or flight shame - is used to describe the the feeling of being ashamed to take a flight due to its environmental impact. The movement has <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/04/stayontheground-swedes-turn-to-trains-amid-climate-flight-shame">reportedly led</a> to a rising number of Swedes catching a train for domestic trips.</p> <h2>Can we sail beyond nostalgia?</h2> <p>Many will dismiss the prospect of a revival in sea travel as romantic but unrealistic. And to some extent they are right. Sailing vessels cannot meet current demand in terms of speed or capacity. But perhaps excessive travel consumption is part of the problem.</p> <p>The late sociologist John Urry has <a href="https://www.zedbooks.net/shop/book/societies-beyond-oil/">outlined a number of possible futures</a> in a world of oil scarcity.</p> <p>One is a shift to a low-carbon, and low-travel, society, in which we would “live smaller, live closer, and drive less”. Urry argues we may be less rich, but not necessarily less happy.</p> <p>Meantime, <a href="https://theconversation.com/greta-thunberg-made-it-to-new-york-emissions-free-but-the-ocean-doesnt-yet-hold-the-key-to-low-carbon-travel-122518">the challenges for passenger ocean travel remain many</a>. Not least, it can be slow and uncomfortable - Thunberg likened it to “camping on a rollercoaster”.</p> <p>But one Sail to the COP organiser, <a href="https://www.sailtothecop.com/project/about">Jeppe Bijker</a>, thinks it’s an option worth exploring. He developed the <a href="https://www.sailscanner.org/">Sailscanner</a> tool where users can check if sailing ships are taking their desired route, or request one.</p> <p>A trip from the Netherlands to Uruguay takes 69 days, at an average speed of 5km/hour.</p> <p>Some ships might require you to help out with sailing. Other passengers may be required to work look-out shifts. Of course, some passengers may become seasick.</p> <p>But the site also lists the advantages. You can travel to faraway places without creating a huge carbon footprint. You have time to relax. And out on the open water, you experience the magnitude of the Earth and seas.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/123349/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em>Written by <span>Christiaan De Beukelaer, Senior Lecturer, University of Melbourne</span>. Republished with permission of </em><a rel="noopener" href="https://theconversation.com/feeling-flight-shame-try-quitting-air-travel-and-catch-a-sail-boat-123349" target="_blank"><em>The Conversation</em></a><em>. </em></p>

International Travel

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Sailing: The only way to see the Greek Islands

<p>Convincing anyone to visit the Greek Islands is an easy task: endless sunshine, crystal clear blue waters, ancient archaeological sites, and the best olives you’ll ever taste. But with so much to see and do, the way you get around makes a huge difference to your trip; and by far the best way to do it is by boat.</p> <p>Board a yacht or catamaran and you’ll find yourself on the most hassle-free, yet exciting trip of your life. Only having to unpack your bag once, you’ll see far more than you would navigating on your own.</p> <p>The living quarters are compact but comfortable – this is no luxury cruise, but you won’t want to be spending too much time on the boat when you’re surrounded by warm water, stunning hiking trails, and vibrant local ports.</p> <p>These trips are suitable for all ages and fitness levels, and companies such as G Adventures and Peregrine offer group tours for people who are social, but want to steer clear of the infamous under-30s party tours.</p> <p>If you’re interested in discovering the more authentic side of the islands, and finding the perfect balance between exploring Greek culture and relaxing in stunning locations, then this trip is for you.</p> <p>Sailing tours offer a fantastic combination of group and independent travelling. Each morning you’ll get up and make breakfast with the rest of the ‘crew’, before setting sail for the day’s destination (you’ll average one night at each island depending on the length of your trip).</p> <p>If anyone is interested, the boat’s skipper will spend this time teaching everyone the basics of sailing – knots, steering, reading charts – or you can spend your time on deck reading or soaking up some sun.</p> <p>Once you arrive at the next island, how you spend the rest of the afternoon is up to you. Some people choose to spend most of their time at the beach, others will explore the cities or hike through the surrounding hillsides. Dinner is usually together, at a local hidden gem suggested by the skipper.</p> <p>Flexibility is a key part of these tours, and you’ll have the option to visit a wide variety of different islands depending on the desires of everyone on board. Some of the islands you won’t want to miss out on include:</p> <p><strong>Naxos</strong></p> <p>Inhabited throughout the entire year, you’ll find Naxos has one of the best examples of more authentic Greek lifestyle and is very family friendly.</p> <p>In addition to sand beaches, you can hire a car or ATV to travel inland to explore ancient temples, olive presses, and ouzo distilleries. The night life in the main port is fantastic – stop at a restaurant called Flamingos to see the head chef light the ground on fire and dance the sirtaki across it.</p> <p><strong>Santorini</strong></p> <p>Famous for its volcanic black beaches, you’ll find some of the most stunning natural scenery on Santorini. Take a day trip from the island to explore nearby volcanoes, hot springs, and end by watching the sunset in postcard perfect Oia.</p> <p>You've probably seen sunsets from Santorini on hundreds of postcards but it's truly breathtaking to see it in person</p> <p><strong>Mykonos</strong></p> <p>One of the more expensive islands, this is the place to treat yourself to some off-boat pampering. Partying and boutique shopping are the two most popular activities here, but you can find some secluded beaches if you travel away from the main port.</p> <p><strong>Paros</strong></p> <p>One of the most beautiful islands in Greece, you’ll be stopping to take a photo every two metres. Octopi hang from doorways and white building walls with bright blue doors surround small docks. The boats even sit matching alongside the beautiful Greek colors. Paros' nightlife is more relaxed and is a fantastic place just to wander about and absorb the sights.</p> <p>If you’re planning a trip, July and August are the peak season – but be aware this means big crowds. For the best combination of summer sun and a little peace and quiet, June is the best time of year to go.</p> <p><em>Written by Casey Ventura. Republished with permission of </em><a href="https://www.wyza.com.au/articles/travel/sailing-around-the-greek-islands.aspx"><em>Wyza.com.au.</em></a></p>

Cruising

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7 reasons to go sailing on a small ship

<p>Small ship adventure cruising is the Goldilocks of nautical holidays. Smaller than a floating casino, but more spacious than a 40-foot schooner or catamaran.</p> <p>You’ve got your own room, your own bed, your own shower and ensuite, but there aren’t 17 decks to navigate every time you want to get a coffee. You can enjoy a breakfast buffet or an a la carte dinner, but it’s hardly the Bacchanalian food-fest you’ll find on the larger liners (that being said, the food is excellent – bring some forgiving pants). Basically, small ship cruising is for anyone who doesn’t feel at home on a large cruise liner, but can’t face the sometimes cramped quarters of a smaller yacht. A happy medium that’s better for travellers, and for the environment.</p> <p>Here are seven reasons to ditch the big cruise liners and try something a little more intimate.</p> <p><strong>1. See places the big ships can’t reach</strong></p> <p>This is the big one. Because smaller cruise ships and yachts don’t have casinos, gyms, theatres, swimming pools and all the rest, the focus is actually on the destination, not the boat (which is why you flew halfway around the world in the first place, right?) There’s more shore excursions, more dining in local restaurants or dancing in local bars, more time spent stretching your legs. And the beauty of small ship cruising is that you can do all of this on islands where the big liners never go.</p> <p>Every man and his dog crowds into the alleyways of Mykonos and Santorini, but how many get to see the charming town of Poros, or the island of Aegina? How many explore Kynthos and Poliegos, or stop off for a dip on some uninhabited island that Google’s never heard of? That’s the real advantage of a small ship cruise – you leave with memories of places, not just pools.</p> <p><strong>2. Get on and off as you please</strong></p> <p>A small practical difference that adds a lot to your itinerary. And it’s one you get to actually observe in real time. When you disembark on Mykonos, you can walk straight into town and, as you do, you can look out to see and watch the huge cruise liners parked a kilometre off shore, their decks already crammed with people queuing for the sea ferries and little boats to shuttle them to the island. If they forget their sunglasses, or feel like a quick afternoon nap, it’s a real hassle to get back on board. But not with small ship cruising.</p> <p>Each time you disembark you’re given a small card; just flash that card and you can walk up the gangplank and onto the ship. Come and go as you please. Do a little shopping on Syros, drop it off in your cabin, then hit the town again for a retsina and a plate of Cyclades olives. It’s a little luxury the big boats don’t get.</p> <p><strong>3. It’s better for the environment</strong></p> <p>Big cruise brochures always do a good job of promoting pristine environments and crystal clear waters, but the reality isn’t really so sunny. This year it’s estimated that 24 million people will cruise the world’s oceans on board 220 different liners. Each of these is usually powered by an enormous diesel engine (some as tall as three storeys), and emits dangerous levels of sulphur dioxide, not to mention the sewerage from about 3000 people each day.</p> <p>Now adventure cruising is not 100 per cent emission-free (but Peregrine offset 100 per cent), but it is far less damaging to the environment, and a greener alternative for those who are environmentally conscious.</p> <p><strong>4. Swimming off the boat</strong></p> <p>Many people will take diving into the clear waters of the Mediterranean over a crowded pool of chlorine any day. Small ships may not have on-board pools, but a shallow draft allows them to pull right into secluded bays on uninhabited islands where a cruise ship could never dream of sailing.</p> <p>When we were cruising in the Greek Islands, we sailed beneath the Temple of Poseidon on Cape Sounion, rounded a corner, and dropped anchor near a little beach. Everyone got changed and dived into the water (which was a balmy 23 degrees). The staff were on standby with kayaks, noodles, fresh towels and a warm shower to wash off the salt. We splashed around and watched the sun go down, then dried off and settled down at the back bar for a game of Uno. There wasn’t a single boat in sight. All we could hear was the wind and the sound of Adrianna the bar lady mixing drinks. Not a bad way to end the day.</p> <p><strong>5. Personalised service</strong></p> <p>Because adventure cruising is limited to around 50 people (the numbers differ with each boat, but on average you’ll probably be sailing with around 35 people) you actually get to know the staff. They become your friends, your family. For our cruise we had Joseph, our intrepid guide and leader (with a truly wicked sense of humour), Yannis the hotel manager who looked after the restaurant and our rooms, Adrianna behind the bar (who quickly became everyone’s favourite person) and a whole crew of waiters, deckhands, navigators, chefs and room service.</p> <p>The service is personal and attentive (there’s even a laundry on board) and we really felt pampered from start to finish. It’s a nice change from the anonymity of larger boats, where you may not see the same people from day to day, and the staff have no hope of remembering your name.</p> <p><strong>6. More space and comfort</strong></p> <p>Large cruise ships are run a little like airlines: it’s a volume game. The idea is to cram as many paying customers per square inch as possible. Sailing on a small ship though, you get the feeling the cabins were designed with real people in mind. Each one is roomy and light, with its own ensuite. There’s air-con if you get warm, a cupboard to hang your suits and a safe for valuables (just don’t lose the key). If you had to put a star rating on it, it’d be around 4-star.</p> <p>There are sacrifices that you make for being on a smaller ship – you can usually hear the engine running in the background, there are only a handful of communal areas, the corridors are narrow and the pitch of the boat can be severe in rough weather – but the advantages more than make up for it. It’s the difference between staying in a boutique B&amp;B and a big hotel chain.</p> <p><strong>7. Fresh local flavours</strong></p> <p>Eating on a big cruise ship is an almost industrial enterprise. The flavour doesn’t matter quite so much as the metric tonnage. For a buffet fiend, you’re certainly left with a feeling of tremendous value, but it’s a stretch to come home and say you tasted anything that could be described as ‘authentic’. Adventure cruising is a bit different. There are still buffets, but they’re prepared with care by a small team of local chefs who really know the region’s food. They’re made from market-fresh produce, and designed to reflect the traditional flavours of a destination. That means they change depending on the cruise.</p> <p>In Greece it might be char-grilled octopus with lemon, Cyclades olives and handmade dolmades (washed down with some ouzo that will clear your sinuses from now until eternity). In Spain? Perhaps fresh paella and crispy patatas bravas. There’s even a special themed night on each trip, where the chefs go all out and whip up a feast of fresh local fare. And the good food doesn’t end when you step off the gangplank.</p> <p>Because you’ve got your own local Cruise Director, it’s easy to get tips on the best market stalls to visit, the bars with the punchiest grappa, or (in my case) a little taverna in a shady alley on Syros, overhung with blushing bougainvilleas.</p> <p>Written by <strong>Peregrine Adventures. </strong>Republished with permission of <a href="https://www.wyza.com.au/articles/travel/7-reasons-to-go-sailing-on-a-small-ship.aspx">Wyza.com.au.</a></p>

Cruising

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Clive Palmer announces $700 million Titanic II set to sail in 2022

<p>One of the most infamous shipwrecks in history, the story surrounding the <em>Titanic</em> will be one that will be told for years to come.</p> <p>And now, exactly 110 years after the ocean liner sank to the depths of the sea, an optimistic hopeful promises to complete the voyage that it failed to do in 1912.</p> <p>Australian billionaire Clive Palmer has shared his plans to create <em>Titanic II</em> – a replica of the ship that met a doomed fate – and said it will be ready to set sail in 2022.</p> <p>The ship, which is costing close to $700 million, has been a work in progress since 2012 under Mr Palmer’s company Blue Star Line.</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/BpK8dTdn64S/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_medium=loading" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="margin: 8px 0 0 0; padding: 0 4px;"><a style="color: #000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/BpK8dTdn64S/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_medium=loading" target="_blank">You'll feel like king of the world, when the Titanic II casts off in 2022. The maiden voyage of the replica of the doomed 1912 vessel will leave from Dubai before traveling from Southhampton to New York: the same route as the original.</a></p> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;">A post shared by <a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/tictoc/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_medium=loading" target="_blank"> TicToc by Bloomberg</a> (@tictoc) on Oct 20, 2018 at 3:05pm PDT</p> </div> </blockquote> <p>Construction paused momentarily in between then and now due to financial disputes, but work has started back up again.</p> <p>However, despite the similarities, there are also some differences, as the <em>Titanic II</em> is currently being built in China while the older model, which was said to be “unsinkable”, was constructed in Northern Ireland.</p> <p>Another difference to expect is the improved safety systems in place, such as accurate navigation and technology, and extra lifeboats on board.</p> <p>Otherwise everything ranging from the interior to the exterior will be the same as the original.</p> <p>The old <em>Titanic </em>was able to house 2400 passengers and 900 crew members, with the new cruise liner hoping to accommodate to that exact number.</p> <p>The <em>Titanic II</em> will also replicate the cabin layout of the original ship.</p> <p>And to top it all off, the cruise plans to follow the same voyage as the first, starting its journey in Dubai and travelling along the North Atlantic route from Southampton, England, to New York.</p> <p>The journey will take two weeks in total, and upon its return, it will then start to travel towards other destinations.</p> <p>“The ship will follow the original journey, carrying passengers from Southampton to New York,” Mr Palmer said to <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.msn.com/en-au" target="_blank"><em>MSN</em></a>.</p> <p>“But she will also circumnavigate the globe, inspiring and enchanting people while attracting unrivalled attention, intrigue and mystery in every port she visits.”</p> <p>Speaking to <em><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-ideas/cruises/clive-palmers-700m-titanic-ii-to-replicate-voyage-of-the-doomed-original/news-story/851178755d4ce4d58fe0d4c475b93b91" target="_blank">news.com.au</a></em>, Blue Star Line has said that the <em>Titanic II</em> will feature the same class categories as the original – first, second and third class.</p> <p>The length of the ship will also be the same, along with having dining rooms and restaurants resembling the original.</p> <p>There is currently no information regarding ticket prices.</p> <p>Scroll through the gallery above for a sneak peak inside the <em>Titanic II</em>.</p> <p>Would you like to be a passenger and set sail on <em>Titanic II</em>? Tell us in the comments below. </p>

Cruising

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Australian family attacked by pirates on sailing trip

<p>An Australian family travelling around the world on a sailing trip has reportedly been attacked by pirates off the coast of Yemen.</p> <p><a href="https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>The Daily Telegraph</strong></em></span></a> reports Louise Turner, her husband Lachin and their two young children were sailing in what they believed to be a safe corridor when they were approached by the rouge vessels.</p> <p>“We were essentially sitting ducks,” Ms Turner told the paper.</p> <p>“We were at the wrong place at the wrong time. We were completely vulnerable.”</p> <p>The family was reportedly stalked by the pirate skiff for about four hours, with more vessels approaching them with intermediary tactics designed to halt their progress.</p> <p>The vessels continued to follow and Ms Turner grew terrified for the safety of her children Siara, 11, and Kai, 4, issuing a frantic mayday call of “imminent pirate attack”.</p> <p>As Ms Turner operated the catamaran and her husband frantically manned the engine, the mayday was received by a container ship and passed onto warships patrolling the area.</p> <p>The pirates reportedly “looked eerily focused as they completed their reconnaissance.”</p> <p>“Effectively they were shepherding us away from the closest vessel that could assist us,” Ms Turner said.</p> <p><iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FMERCHANTNAVAL.OFFSHORE%2Fposts%2F1812515665475982&amp;width=500" width="500" height="519" style="border: none; overflow: hidden;" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true"></iframe></p> <p><span>With things looking decidedly grim, the family was relieved to receive a radio message advising a helicopter from a Japanese warship was on its way. </span></p> <p><span>The Turners changed course to meet up with the warship, but not without more intimidation from the pirates who remained close. </span></p> <p><span>Ms Turner said: “This was it for us. Attack imminent­. Simply put, we could not possibly prevent them boarding us. But fate intervened and we believe it was only by minutes that the appearance of two warships on the horizon thwarted the attack.”</span></p> <p><span>The Turners managed to make it to the friendly vessel and refuel, but are thanking their lucky stars the attack wasn’t a lot worse. </span></p> <p><span>“We are incredibly lucky that we were not attacked, however, the threat was all too real,” Ms Turner said, with the family now back home safe.</span></p> <p><span>“This has been a sobering and frightening experience.”</span></p> <p><em>Hero image credit: The Daily Telegraph</em></p>

Cruising

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Why “sail and rail” is the new way to travel

<p>It’s often said there are two types of travellers. Those who like to explore the ocean on a cruise, and those who prefer to see the interior of a country aboard a train.</p> <p>Both options seem equally as appealing, and many tourism operators are cottoning on to this with “sail and rail” tour options that offer the best of both worlds.</p> <p><a href="https://www.railplus.com.au/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Rail Plus</span></strong></a> Commercial Director Ingrid Kocijan says there’s been a huge upsurge in travellers booking rail passes to complement their cruise itineraries.</p> <p>“Convenience, spectacular scenery, value for money and high-quality on-board services are usually top contributing factors for travellers when it comes to deciding which rail journeys or passes to book,” she says.</p> <p>But what are the most attractive options? Well, we’ve provided a rundown of some of the world’s best “sail and rail” tour options in the gallery above. Scroll through yourself (but warning, it’ll be hard to do so without the travel bug biting).</p> <p>Have you ever taken a “sail and rail” tour? Would you be keen to do so, if the right opportunity presented itself? Let us know in the comments below.</p> <p><em>For more information about “sail and rail” tour packages <a href="http://www.railplus.com.au/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">click here</span></strong></a>.</em></p>

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Sailing the Nile by dahabieh

<p>No trip to Egypt is complete without a cruise, and in the months of planning preceding our visit, we decided to avoid the big liners and instead take a more traditional dahabieh.</p> <p>Dahabiehs are smaller boats, powered by two sails and able to dock at small off-the beaten-track places that big liners can't.</p> <p><strong>One day on the Nile</strong></p> <p>The top deck of our dahabieh catches the early morning breeze. It's the perfect place to take in the changing views as we move slowly upstream.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img width="497" height="280" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/36499/in-text-1_497x280.jpg" alt="In Text 1 (6)"/></p> <p>In the distance fishermen throw out nets. Small villages with traditional mud brick homes dot banks. Water buffalos wade in water beside fields where sugarcane is harvested.</p> <p>One small boy pulls a heavily laden and stubbornly resistant camel. I'm not sure who's going to win, but as we pass there's little evidence of progress.</p> <p>A little further upstream, date palms line the bank with reeds dominating the marshy foreshore. The water is blue and beautiful.</p> <p>We have Nile fish for lunch that's been bought from a passing village. As we eat we see more fields, lush with green plantings of corn, sesame, figs, pistachios, bananas, mangos and onions.</p> <p>Occasionally we spot birds, sometimes against the sky, sometimes on branches among marshes.</p> <p>Ten year old Nona and her Belgian family joined us just yesterday and she has a book called Birds of Egypt which we all rush to and consult whenever we glimpse something interesting. She's very rapidly becoming our resident ornithologist. So far we've identified, egrets, hoopoes, lapwings and kingfishers. I'm sure there'll be more.</p> <p>After lunch we dock at a small village and walk to El Kab. Before we even land we're besieged by a running, shouting mob of children, holding up small woven dishes. They've been made by village women, who have then sent these small emissaries to sell them.</p> <p>As we walk through the village I stop to look at one girl's small paper plaited plates liking their blue and green colours. But I have no money with me, and so have to shake my head and walk on. I glance back and see her eyes full of tears.</p> <p>At the day's end I sit on the small balcony that our cabin opens onto at the stern of the boat.</p> <p>We've moored for the evening and a village track parallel to the shore feels so close I could almost reach out and touch it.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img width="497" height="280" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/36500/in-text-2_497x280.jpg" alt="In Text 2 (5)"/></p> <p>Two boys pass on a donkey. They see me with my camera and stop and laugh. I had no idea I was so funny, but it makes for a good photo. And in stark contrast to the day's earlier experience, I'm glad to see children being children.</p> <p>Light dims and evening draws in. As the sun sets the call to prayer resounds through fields that are now empty. But here on the Nile, life never stops.</p> <p><strong>Getting there</strong> Air New Zealand flies into Cairo and then we used Air Egypt for our internal flight down to Luxor, the departure point for our cruise.</p> <p><strong>Sailing there</strong> We sailed in a small traditional dahabieh. See <a href="http://lazulinil.com/" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>l</strong><strong>azulinil.com</strong></span></a></p> <p><strong>Seeing there</strong> Life passes before your eyes as you sail. There are also daily stops at small villages and temples, such as the Temple of Horus at Edfu. We also docked at places inaccessible to larger liners, such as the ancient stone quarry of Djebel Silsila.</p> <p><em>Written by Marjory Woodfield. First appeared on <a href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Stuff.co.nz</span></strong></a>. Image credit: Marjory Woodfield via Stuff.co.nz. </em></p>

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