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Australia’s approach to cyber security lacks citizen engagement

<p>Australia’s cyber security strategies advocate for a ‘whole-of-society’ response to countering foreign interference threats, but policy experts say efforts to engage the public are largely tokenistic.</p> <p>Researchers from Flinders University surveyed 1500 Australians and undertook in-depth focus groups across three states in late 2020 to assess public attitudes to institutional trust, digital literacy and perceptions of cyber threats.</p> <p>The research findings, <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14702436.2022.2138349" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">published</a> in <em>Defence Studies, </em>highlight a gap between policy rhetoric and action. The authors characterise Australia’s response as “top-down”, “technocratic” and “elite-driven”.</p> <p>According to the study, citizens’ attitudes and engagement are the key to resilience in the face of cyber threats, given foreign interference often seeks to undermine trust in democracy, manipulate public opinion, sow distrust and emphasise society’s underlying divides.</p> <p>Cyber-enabled foreign interference can come in many forms including disinformation, hacking, doxing, ransomware attacks, trolling, and the use of bots.</p> <p>Co-author Associate Professor Robert Manwaring says, “there’s generally little meaningful strategic effort to engage citizens in government-led responses, overlooking what’s often called the ‘social layer’ of cybersecurity.”</p> <div class="advert ad-in-content"><!-- CosmosMagazine - MPU- In Content (00000000001fc2ca) --></p> <div id="adn-00000000001fc2ca" style="display: none;"></div> </div> <p>The research finds Australia’s policy approach largely regards the public as passive, rather than as engaged and empowered to combat cyber threats.</p> <p>The paper highlights key areas where public attitudes about democracy, institutions and cyber threats are potential fodder for foreign actors.</p> <div class="newsletter-box"> <div id="wpcf7-f6-p225801-o1" class="wpcf7" dir="ltr" lang="en-US" role="form"> <form class="wpcf7-form mailchimp-ext-0.5.62 spai-bg-prepared init" action="/australia/cyber-security-citizen-engagement/#wpcf7-f6-p225801-o1" method="post" novalidate="novalidate" data-status="init"> <p style="display: none !important;"><span class="wpcf7-form-control-wrap referer-page"><input class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text referer-page" name="referer-page" type="hidden" value="https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/" data-value="https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/" aria-invalid="false" /></span></p> <p><!-- Chimpmail extension by Renzo Johnson --></form> </div> </div> <p>Survey responses indicate Australians lack confidence in the integrity and honesty of public officials, influence over policy making, transparency and accountability.</p> <p>For instance, around 80% of survey respondents consider public officials not using public office for private gain as a fundamental feature of democracy, yet only 39% see this practice upheld in Australia.</p> <p>In addition, while the public service and security institutions of the police and armed forces enjoy high levels of trust, respondents overwhelmingly agree that Australia’s institutions are out of touch with regular people and run by “big interests.”</p> <div class="advert ad-in-content"><!-- CosmosMagazine - MPU- In Content (00000000001fc2ca) --></p> <div id="adn-00000000001fc2ca" style="display: none;"></div> </div> <p>The paper says such disillusion is ripe for exploitation and can hamper state-led responses to cyber threats.</p> <p>The survey results also show Australian citizens lack confidence in their ability to identify mis and dis information online, with only 20% “very confident” in their own media and digital literacy skills.</p> <p>Australia’s cyber defences would be bolstered by a stronger focus on understanding citizens’ concerns and narratives, the researchers conclude.</p> <p>Manwaring says, “we need to encourage a genuinely whole-of-society approach – something which, like Sweden and Finland, are making considerable inroads.”</p> <div class="advert ad-in-content"><!-- CosmosMagazine - MPU- In Content (00000000001fc2ca) --></p> <div id="adn-00000000001fc2ca" style="display: none;"></div> </div> <p><!-- Start of tracking content syndication. Please do not remove this section as it allows us to keep track of republished articles --></p> <p><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=225801&amp;title=Australia%E2%80%99s+approach+to+cyber+security+lacks+citizen+engagement" width="1" height="1" data-spai-target="src" data-spai-orig="" data-spai-exclude="nocdn" /></p> <p><!-- End of tracking content syndication --></p> <div id="contributors"> <p><em><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/australia/cyber-security-citizen-engagement/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This article</a> was originally published on Cosmos Magazine and was written by Petra Stock. </em></p> <p><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p> </div>

Technology

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How to empower older adults to become digital citizens in our tech-dependent world

<p>Living in a technology dependent world means we all want to stay connected, regardless of age. And the COVID-19 pandemic was a major catalyst <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijinfomgt.2020.102171">for increasing our technological dependence</a>. </p> <p>It became normal to do weekly online grocery shops, attend doctors’ appointments or work via Zoom and FaceTime family and friends. The reality is however, that not everyone is fortunate enough to have access to the technological devices or skills to operate in our online world — some of the most impacted by this are older adults. </p> <p>This <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-020-00154-3">magnified the pandemic for them, especially in terms of isolation</a>. Older adults were left without the main resource that has been keeping many of us connected — technology.</p> <p>But that’s not all the pandemic has laid bare for older adults. A <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-aging-face-of-homelessness-in-north-american-cities-111702">large number of them are also either experiencing, or are vulnerable to homelessness</a>. Older adults have become one of the <a href="https://www.homelesshub.ca/resource/%E2%80%9Cno-home-no-place%E2%80%9D-addressing-complexity-homelessness-old-age-through-community-dialogue">groups most at-risk for housing insecurities during the pandemic</a>. And one of the <a href="https://www.homelesshub.ca/about-homelessness/education-training-employment/poverty">largest barriers to housing, is low socioeconomic status</a>. </p> <p>Our technological dependence has created new challenges for older adults, and helped solidify pre-existing ones, like navigating online platforms to secure housing. Older adults face housing barriers due to the lack of technological resources and education on how to use them; there is a clear need to empower them to be digital citizens.</p> <h2>Finding housing in an internet-dependent world</h2> <p>Overall, older adults are often excluded from using the internet because they <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa098">lack devices and connectivity, or are inexperienced in using it</a>. So when it comes to finding housing, they’re often left behind. </p> <p>A decade ago, it was possible to walk through the streets, sift through newspapers, notice boards and discover apartments for rent, but this is increasingly uncommon. The platforms themselves — like Kijiji, PadMapper and Facebook Marketplace — are not made with older adults in mind; meaning <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19869678">the ability to navigate and access these resources makes it even more difficult for them to find housing</a>. On top of having to search through unfamiliar platforms, they’re also faced with finding an apartment on a limited budget.</p> <p>Imagine you don’t know housing websites exist. Or know how to navigate online ads. Or have a device to access the internet. You’re put at a serious disadvantage when it comes to accessing housing.</p> <p>In North America “<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19869678">large portions of the rental housing market have moved online … more renters in urbanized areas found their current homes through a site like Craigslist than through any other information channel</a>.” Meaning the majority of rental properties are accessible through online platforms. Older adults who are not part of this digital world have limited opportunities to find housing. </p> <p>We don’t want to suggest that finding an apartment is impossible but, if you are an older adult lacking technological resources and digital literacy, it may feel overwhelming.</p> <h2>Making technology more accessible</h2> <p>How can we move forward in this digital world, when so many are being left behind? We should at least make technology accessible, so the choice is up to the user. </p> <p>When it comes to older adults, having the liberty to choose their involvement with technology can provide independence and autonomy. When the decision is theirs to make, their <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.092">quality of life tends to increase, especially regarding social isolation</a>.</p> <p>While <a href="https://www.ncoa.org/article/top-10-financial-scams-targeting-seniors">older adults are more vulnerable to phishing and scams</a> and may have trouble recognizing fake housing advertisements, <a href="https://helpagecanada.ca/seniors-can-connect/">having support</a> and <a href="https://youthteachingadults.ca/resources/">educational resources</a> can <a href="https://www.connectedcanadians.ca/">promote the adoption of a conscious and cautious attitude</a> online, promote the use of trusted websites and avoid disclosing personal information such as SIN and credit card information. This can actively enable older adults to feel more comfortable and confident online.</p> <p>We are a part of the <a href="https://www.sfu.ca/airp/news-events/in-the-news/spike-in-homelessness-among-aged-prompts-research-for-solutions-.html">Aging in the Right Place (AIRP) Project</a> which looks at the causes of homelessness for older adults in order to evaluate <a href="https://www.seniorsservicessociety.ca/">current promising practices in place, such as temporary housing that support older adults who are at risk of experiencing homelessness</a>.</p> <p>An integral part of this project is to not only be in close contact with the people working towards supporting this population, but also with older people experiencing homelessness themselves. In our preliminary client interviews of those living in the temporary housing, we’re often told how invaluable technology is when searching for stable housing. </p> <h2>Technology can improve quality of life</h2> <p>As a society we assume older adults are not interested in various technologies, <a href="https://slate.com/technology/2020/07/seniors-technology-illiteracy-misconception-pandemic.html">not because they’re resisting but because technologies that currently exist were simply not created with them in mind</a>. Failing to include older adults as technology users further perpetuates the <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39949-2_15">social, information and digital exclusion they experience</a>.</p> <p>This <a href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=425680">leaves very few opportunities for them to access education and awareness</a>. Opportunities that do exist to learn are often found in schools or at work — which are environments many older adults no longer frequent. </p> <p>Technology can improve the quality of life for older adults by providing ease, inclusion and comfort by making the essentials, like finding housing, more accessible. </p> <p>It’s time we <a href="https://helpagecanada.ca/seniors-can-connect/">draw on the resources</a> <a href="https://youthteachingadults.ca/resources/">and educational initiatives</a> <a href="https://www.connectedcanadians.ca/">in place and reach out to the ones who have been left behind</a>. Let’s empower older adults to be digital citizens. </p> <p>As digital citizens, they will have more opportunities to secure housing and tools to prevent homelessness. These supports will not only give them a sense of involvement in a technologically dependent world, but also provide a sense of belonging and inclusion in today’s society.</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/how-to-empower-older-adults-to-become-digital-citizens-in-our-tech-dependent-world-167010" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>. </em></p>

Retirement Life

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What is art therapy and how can it help you

<p dir="ltr">According to studies done in collaboration with Scalabrini, here are the benefits of art therapy for seniors:</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>Improved Memory</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">Going to museums, painting, sculpting, and many other types of art therapy are hugely helpful, and can actually help people with memory loss. In fact, the Alzheimer’s Disease Center in the United States believes that art therapy gets through to people with Alzheimer’s by exploiting parts of the brain with the least impairment. This can have a profound impact on their ability to access their memories.</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>Reduced Pain</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">Art therapy is naturally relaxing and can help reduce stiffness and inflammation. Seniors are using their arms and fingers for art, and while this is light physical activity, it’s consistent, and can help promote better dexterity and blood flow.</p> <p dir="ltr">By using small, purposeful movements, they benefit from increased coordination and can more easily ignore their pain since they’re focused on their art.</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>Reduced Stress</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">Art therapy can reduce stress for people of all ages, but it’s particularly helpful for seniors and people with the early stages of memory loss.</p> <p dir="ltr">We have around 60,000 thoughts a day and many of these can be negative for people dealing with aging, so art therapy is particularly helpful. That’s because when seniors are engaged with an art therapy activity, they’re often ‘in the zone’ and can enjoy an almost meditative experience.</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>Reduced Depression</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">Seniors struggling with health implications, memory loss, or mobility problems will commonly experience depression. When they create art, the symptoms of depression are often reduced due to mood and cognitive stimulation. Even seniors who have problems communicating verbally can still express their thoughts and feelings through their art.</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>Increased Communication and Socialisation</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">By getting involved in art projects, seniors can find it easier to connect with others, reducing the feelings of isolation and loneliness that are common in the twilight years. Many people who have dementia / Alzheimer’s can find it difficult to express themselves and communicate with others, and art therapy can help them do this by providing a visual means of communication.</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>Relief from Chronic Conditions</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">Growing older can be very difficult for some people, particularly people living with Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, dementia, or are currently recovering from a stroke.</p> <p dir="ltr">Dealing with these conditions and the limited mobility that can occur can sometimes be overwhelming. But art activities and crafts projects can provide some relief for these conditions. This can range from painting to pottery, games to puzzles. Coloring projects, scrapbooking, and other activiites give seniors something to look forward to, while taking their minds off their condition.</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>Improved Brain Function</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">As we age, so do our brains. This can make it difficult to carry out some tasks- particularly when living with dementia / Alzheimer’s. Art therapy for adults can help boost these cognitive functions, improving senior’s abilities to use logic and reasoning, problem solve, focus on tasks for a sustained period of time, and improve working memory.</p> <p><span id="docs-internal-guid-ad9ad06e-7fff-68de-abb0-eb6f847eb608"></span></p> <p dir="ltr">Art therapy can make a massive difference when it comes to both the mental and physical health of seniors. To learn more about why we love art therapy, get in touch today.</p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: Getty</em></p>

Art

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Man charged with inciting others to arrest WA Premier Mark McGowan

<p dir="ltr">A 74-year-old has been <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-02-11/geraldton-man-charged-with-inciting-others-to-arrest-wa-premier/100822884" target="_blank" rel="noopener">charged</a> for allegedly posting videos to social media inciting people to arrest WA Premier Mark McGowan and other government ministers.</p><p dir="ltr">Wayne Kenneth Glew, who is part of an informal “sovereign citizens” movement, was arrested by officers from the State Security Investigation Group at his property in Glenfield, in mid-west WA.</p><p dir="ltr">Mr Glew has been charged with inciting another to commit an indictable offence, after it was alleged he posted a series of videos on social media using threatening language and calling on others to arrest government and health officials.</p><p dir="ltr">He made the videos after documents claiming to be arrest warrants were handed in at Perth Police Station in January.</p><p dir="ltr">This isn’t the first time Mr Glew has caused trouble, after he was declared a “vexatious litigant” (meaning he takes legal action without sufficient reason) by the WA Supreme Court.</p><p dir="ltr">In 2018, his property was seized by the local council in lieu of $300,000 in council rates and legal costs, which he refused to pay because he believed local governments were unconstitutional. At the trial, he <a href="https://www.geraldtonguardian.com.au/news/geraldton-guardian/wayne-glew-v-city-of-greater-geraldton-man-ejected-from-court-gallery-ng-b881082056z" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cited</a> the Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights, and questioned the magistrate’s authority to hear the case.</p><p dir="ltr">Mr Glew is a member of the informal movement of “freemen” or “sovereign citizens” who believe Australian laws only apply if you consent to them.</p><p><span id="docs-internal-guid-2e655a0e-7fff-c9b2-7d19-10f65f08ed4b"></span></p><p dir="ltr">The former police officer also has a significant following on social media, where he shared a document that he claims allows individuals to become “Commonwealth Public Officers” by pledging their allegiance to the Queen.</p><p dir="ltr"><img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/02/whackjob-form.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="720" /></p><p dir="ltr"><em>Wayne Glew claims that one can become a “Commonwealth Public Officer” by simply completing this form and having it witness, even though impersonating a Commonwealth public official can lead to serious consequences. Image: Wayne Glew CPO (Facebook)</em></p><p dir="ltr">In a separate matter, two people were charged with falsely representing themselves as Commonwealth public officials after they served electronic arrest warrants on government officials.</p><p dir="ltr">Detective Acting Senior Sergeant Todd White, the officer in charge of the State Security Investigation Group, said the documents and those handed in to Perth Police Station were not lawful.</p><p dir="ltr">“Any person impersonating either a Commonwealth or state public official, or attempting to serve or enforce these types of documents, may commit an offence and could be subject to a police investigation,” he said.</p><p dir="ltr">Mr Glew was granted bail and is due to face Geraldton Magistrates Court in March.</p><p dir="ltr">The other two people were also granted bail and will appear in Perth Magistrates Court later this month.</p><p dir="ltr"><span id="docs-internal-guid-836d3946-7fff-fee3-7821-b23ead7171e9"></span></p><p dir="ltr"><em>Image: Wayne Glew (Facebook)</em></p>

Legal

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Dutton plans to set our international spy agency upon citizens

<p>Home affairs minister Peter Dutton quietly announced to the ABC <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-19/powers-for-asd-spy-dark-web-australians/11980728">a fortnight ago</a> that the Morrison government’s – <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-29/labor-blames-government-for-security-leak/9708594">often denied</a> – push to turn the nation’s international spying agency on its own citizens is close to finalisation.</p> <p>The minister rolled out one of the <a href="https://www.sydneycriminallawyers.com.au/blog/true-crime-six-unsolved-australian-murders-part-2/">usual suspects</a> – child sexual offenders – as a reason for extending spying powers currently used to deal with foreign threats, so they could be applied locally to Australians as well. And he used a disturbing example of a months-old baby being tortured to make his point.</p> <p>This is the exact same proposal that <a href="https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/spying-shock-shades-of-big-brother-as-cybersecurity-vision-comes-to-light/news-story/bc02f35f23fa104b139160906f2ae709">was exposed</a> by News Corp journalist Annika Smethurst in April 2018, when she reported on leaked documents that revealed senior public servants discussing the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) being able to access citizen’s emails, bank records and texts.</p> <p>The documents detailed correspondence between Department of Home Affairs secretary Mike Pezzullo and Defence secretary Greg Moriarty regarding a proposal that would allow ASD agents to hack into critical infrastructure so as to remove threats.</p> <p>Although, that correspondence doesn’t appear to have been dressed up in fighting paedophile rhetoric.</p> <p>The AFP went on to raid Ms Smethurst’s home <a href="https://www.sydneycriminallawyers.com.au/blog/the-afp-press-raids-towards-a-totalitarian-state/">in June last year</a> in relation to the story. And a week after the raids, Dutton <a href="https://www.sydneycriminallawyers.com.au/blog/the-return-of-dutton-enhanced-domestic-surveilling-and-attacks-on-minorities/">appeared on the ABC’s Insiders</a> suggesting that the nation needed to have a “sensible discussion” about providing the ASD with internal spying powers.</p> <p>And now, the home affairs minister is back spruiking a “public debate” around enhanced domestic surveilling powers – either allowing the ASD to do so or handing the responsibility to the AFP – even though the same article asserts “the proposal is at the advanced stage within the government”.</p> <p><strong>Blurring the powers</strong></p> <p>At the time Smethurst broke the news, <a href="https://www.cla.asn.au/News/#gsc.tab=0">Civil Liberties Australia</a> CEO Bill Rowlings told Sydney Criminal Lawyers that the division between onshore and offshore surveillance is “to maintain the critical distinction between ordinary policing and defence and spy agencies”.</p> <p>Currently, the Australian Federal Police and the domestic spying agency ASIO <a href="https://www.sydneycriminallawyers.com.au/blog/dutton-considers-increasing-governments-surveillance-powers/">are empowered</a> to investigate citizens after a warrant has been issued by the attorney general, while the ASD has no such powers to operate internally.</p> <p>Rowlings asserts that it’s important to keep this distinction, as police “are still far more accountable to the public than our spying agencies”. And while police are to a large extent a readily identifiable entity, intelligence agencies operate in the shadows.</p> <p>“Transparency and accountability are impossible when the law makes it a crime – punishable by many years in prison – to even report the name of an intelligence officer,” Rowlings said, as he threw in an example of why the future Dutton is promising is somewhat unpalatable.</p> <p><strong>The directorate</strong></p> <p>The Australian Signals Directorate was formed in 1947. The ASD website <a href="https://www.asd.gov.au/about">explains</a> that it’s charged with protecting the nation from global threats and advancing our national interests. It does this by covert information gathering, protecting against cyber threats, and disrupting foreign capabilities.</p> <p><a href="http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/isa2001216/s7.html">Section 7</a> of the Intelligence Services Act 2001 (Cth) outlines the functions of the ASD, which all pertain to spying and gathering information “outside of Australia”. These are the powers – designed to thwart foreign agents – that could be turned on Australians.</p> <p>The ASD plays a major role in the <a href="https://www.sydneycriminallawyers.com.au/blog/the-five-eyes-alliance-is-watching-you/">Five Eyes arrangement</a>, which is a secretive information sharing agreement between Australia, the US, the UK, Canada and New Zealand. It was established in 1946. And this leaves open questions as to where domestically harvested information might end up.</p> <p>The directorate is also allowed to <a href="https://www.pressreader.com/australia/the-sunday-times/20180429/285598150666563">conduct certain activities</a> that are against Australian law when it’s operating overseas. And over the past 70 years, the ASD has developed from a body focused on collecting defence signals into a streamlined cyber spying agency.</p> <p><strong>An unnecessary venture</strong></p> <p>Just after the AFP press raids last June, minister Dutton appeared on the Insiders stating that “we don’t support spying on Australians”, while in the next breath he said, “there needs to be a sensible discussion about whether or not we’ve got the ability to deal with threats that we face”.</p> <p>Writing in <a href="https://theconversation.com/why-we-should-be-wary-of-expanding-powers-of-the-australian-signals-directorate-119078">the Conversation</a> days later, Bond University criminology associate professor Terry Goldsworthy pointed out that the home affairs minister cited combating online paedophilia and protecting institutions against cyber attacks as reasons to turn the ASD on its own people.</p> <p>The professor then went on to state that there aren’t any domestic cyber attack threats coming from domestic sources. And he added that the sort of surveillance noted in the Smethurst article is already available to law enforcement agencies with a judge’s approval.</p> <p>And as for combating online paedophiles Goldsworthy explained that the AFP does so via the Virtual Global Taskforce – which sees it collaborating with multiple international crime fighting agencies – as well as its own Child Protection Operations (CPO) team.</p> <p>The academic concludes his article by maintaining that rather than simply suggesting that the powers of one agency be extended, the government should make the case as to why existing domestic strategies that are in place aren’t adequate.</p> <p><strong>A creeping surveillance state</strong></p> <p>While nobody is suggesting that paedophiles and terrorists be given carte blanche to conduct crimes without reproach, it does seem rather suspect that they’re cited as reasons to enact more laws and create new policies that impede upon the rights of all Australians.</p> <p>Back <a href="https://www.vice.com/en_au/article/gq88b7/new-australian-anti-terrorism-laws-could-see-the-mandatory-recording-of-your-private-data">in August 2014</a>, then attorney general George Brandis first announced that the federal government was looking at implementing the metadata retention regime in relation to terrorists. Today, all Australians have their data stored by telcos that can be accessed by intelligence agencies.</p> <p>Australia is the only western democracy in the world without a bill of rights, which means most of our rights aren’t protected. And <a href="https://www.sydneycriminallawyers.com.au/blog/the-need-for-a-bill-of-rights-an-interview-with-unsw-professor-george-williams/">commentators have outlined</a> that this means the rights eroding laws that have been enacted in the name of terrorism go much further in their reach than elsewhere.</p> <p>And now it seems that minister Dutton would like to further see the nation morph into a <a href="https://www.sydneycriminallawyers.com.au/blog/a-creeping-surveillance-state-an-interview-with-the-human-rights-law-centres-emily-howie/">surveillance state</a>, where ASD agents <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-19/powers-for-asd-spy-dark-web-australians/11980728">would be able</a> to snoop through citizens’ online and electronic space in much the same way police can access a house they have an official warrant to search.</p> <p><em>Written by Paul Gregoire. Republished with permission of <a href="https://www.sydneycriminallawyers.com.au/blog/dutton-plans-to-set-our-international-spy-agency-upon-citizens/">Sydney Criminal Lawyers.</a></em></p>

Caring

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As responsible digital citizens, here’s how we can all reduce racism online

<p>Have you ever considered that what you type into Google, or the ironic memes you laugh at on Facebook, might be building a more dangerous online environment?</p> <p>Regulation of online spaces is starting to gather momentum, with governments, consumer groups, and even digital companies themselves calling for more control over what is posted and shared online.</p> <p>Yet we often fail to recognise the role that you, me and all of us as ordinary citizens play in shaping the digital world.</p> <p>The privilege of being online comes with rights and responsibilities, and we need to actively ask what kind of <a href="https://www.fosi.org/policy-research/community-solutions-controversial-content-online/">digital citizenship</a> we want to encourage in Australia and beyond.</p> <p><strong>Beyond the knee-jerk</strong></p> <p>The Christchurch terror attack prompted policy change by governments in both New Zealand and Australia.</p> <p>Australia recently passed a <a href="https://theconversation.com/new-livestreaming-legislation-fails-to-take-into-account-how-the-internet-actually-works-114911">new law</a> that will enforce penalties for social media platforms if they don’t remove violent content after it becomes available online.</p> <p>Platforms may well be lagging behind in their content moderation responsibilities, and still need to <a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300173130/custodians-internet">do better</a> in this regard. But this kind of “<a href="https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-04-05/australias-new-rapid-removal-law-violent-videos-may-be-knee-jerk-reaction">kneejerk</a>” policy response won’t solve the spread of problematic content on social media.</p> <p>Addressing hate online requires coordinated efforts. Platforms must <a href="https://digitalsocialcontract.net/lawless-2910ee226bfa">improve the enforcement of their rules</a> (not just <a href="https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2019/03/standing-against-hate/">announce</a> tougher measures) to guarantee users’ safety. They may also reconsider a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/18/opinion/facebook-youtube-mass-shootings.html">serious redesign</a>, because the way they currently organise, select, and recommend information often amplifies systemic problems in society like racism.</p> <p><strong>Discrimination is entrenched</strong></p> <p>Of course, biased beliefs and content don’t just live online.</p> <p>In Australia, racial discrimination <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/mar/17/australians-are-asking-how-did-we-get-here-well-islamophobia-is-practically-enshrined-as-public-policy">has been perpetuated</a> in public policy, and the country has an <a href="https://theconversation.com/its-time-for-indigenous-nationhood-to-replace-a-failing-colonial-authority-114088">unreconciled history</a> of Indigenous dispossession and oppression.</p> <p>Today, Australia’s political mainstream <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/mar/17/australians-are-asking-how-did-we-get-here-well-islamophobia-is-practically-enshrined-as-public-policy">is still lenient</a> with bigots, and the media <a href="https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1861056">often contributes</a> to fearmongering about immigration.</p> <p>However, we can all play a part in reducing harm online.</p> <p>There are three aspects we might reconsider when interacting online so as to deny oxygen to racist ideologies:</p> <ul> <li>a better understanding of how platforms work</li> <li><a href="https://points.datasociety.net/you-think-you-want-media-literacy-do-you-7cad6af18ec2">the development of empathy</a> to identify differences in interpretation when engaging with media (rather than focusing on intent)</li> <li>working towards a more productive anti-racism online.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Online lurkers and the amplification of harm</strong></p> <p>White supremacists and other reactionary pundits seek attention on mainstream and social media. New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/19/world/asia/new-zealand-shooting-suspect-name.html">refused to name</a> the Christchurch gunman to prevent fuelling his desired notoriety, and so did some media outlets.</p> <p>The rest of us might draw comfort from not having contributed to amplifying the Christchurch attacker’s desired fame. It’s likely we didn’t watch his video or read his manifesto, let alone upload or share this content on social media.</p> <p>But what about apparently less harmful practices, such as searching on Google and social media sites for keywords related to the gunman’s manifesto or his live video?</p> <p>It’s not the intent behind these practices that should be the focus of this debate, but the consequences of it. Our everyday interactions on platforms <a href="http://www.nickdiakopoulos.com/2013/08/06/algorithmic-defamation-the-case-of-the-shameless-autocomplete/">influence</a> search autocomplete algorithms and the hierarchical organisation and recommendation of information.</p> <p>In the Christchurch tragedy, even if we didn’t share or upload the manifesto or the video, the zeal to access this information drove traffic to problematic content and amplified harm for the Muslim community.</p> <p><strong>Normalisation of hate through seemingly lighthearted humour</strong></p> <p>Reactionary groups know how to <a href="https://datasociety.net/pubs/oh/DataAndSociety_MediaManipulationAndDisinformationOnline.pdf">capitalise</a> on memes and other jokey content that degrades and dehumanises.</p> <p>By using irony to <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Ambivalent-Internet-Mischief-Oddity-Antagonism/dp/1509501274">deny</a> the racism in these jokes, these far-right groups connect and immerse new members in an online culture that deliberately uses memetic media to have fun at the expense of others.</p> <p>The Christchurch terrorist attack showed this <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/commentisfree/2019/mar/15/do-the-christchurch-shootings-expose-the-murderous-nature-of-ironic-online-fascism">connection</a> between online irony and the radicalisation of white men.</p> <p>However, humour, irony and play – which are protected on platform policies – serve to cloak racism in more mundane and everyday contexts.</p> <p>Just as everyday racism <a href="https://olh.openlibhums.org/articles/10.16995/olh.405/">shares discourses</a> and vocabularies with white supremacy, lighthearted racist and sexist jokes are as harmful as <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/commentisfree/2019/mar/15/do-the-christchurch-shootings-expose-the-murderous-nature-of-ironic-online-fascism">online fascist irony</a>.</p> <p>Humour and satire <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Everyday-Language-White-Racism/dp/1405184531">should not</a> be hiding places for ignorance and bigotry. As digital citizens we should be more careful about what kind of jokes we engage with and laugh at on social media.</p> <p>What’s harmful and what’s a joke might not be apparent when interpreting content from a limited worldview. The development of empathy to others’ interpretations of the same content is a useful skill to minimise the amplification of racist ideologies online.</p> <p>As scholar <a href="https://points.datasociety.net/you-think-you-want-media-literacy-do-you-7cad6af18ec2">danah boyd argues</a>:</p> <p><em>The goal is to understand the multiple ways of making sense of the world and use that to interpret media.</em></p> <p><strong>Effective anti-racism on social media</strong></p> <p>A common practice in challenging racism on social media is to publicly call it out, and show support for those who are victims of it. But critics of social media’s callout culture and solidarity <a href="https://works.bepress.com/tim_engles/30/">sustain</a> that these tactics often do not work as an effective anti-racism tool, as they are performative rather than having an advocacy effect.</p> <p>An alternative is to channel outrage into more productive forms of anti-racism. For example, you can report hateful online content either individually or through organisations that are already working on these issues, such as <a href="https://ohpi.org.au/">The Online Hate Prevention Institute</a> and the <a href="https://www.islamophobia.com.au/">Islamophobia Register Australia</a>.</p> <p>Most major social media platforms struggle to understand how hate articulates in non-US contexts. Reporting content <a href="https://www.fosi.org/policy-research/community-solutions-controversial-content-online/">can help</a> platforms understand culturally specific coded words, expressions, and jokes (most of which are mediated through visual media) that moderators might not understand and algorithms can’t identify.</p> <p>As digital citizens we can work together to deny attention to those that seek to discriminate and inflict harm online.</p> <p>We can also learn how our everyday interactions might have unintended consequences and actually amplify hate.</p> <p>However, these ideas do not diminish the responsibility of platforms to protect users, nor do they negate the role of governments to find effective ways to regulate platforms in collaboration and consultation with civil society and industry.</p> <p><em>Written by Ariadna Matamoros-Fernández. Republished with permission of </em><a href="https://theconversation.com/as-responsible-digital-citizens-heres-how-we-can-all-reduce-racism-online-114619"><em>The Conversation.</em></a></p>

Technology

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Bill Shorten under fire – insisted no dual citizens in his party for 10 months

<p>Labor leader Bill Shorten has failed to apologise after incorrectly claiming that no Labor politicians could be dual citizens because of the party’s strict vetting process.</p> <p>On Wednesday, the High Court ruled Labor Senator Katy Gallagher was ineligible to sit in Parliament because she had not renounced her British citizenship by the 2016 federal election.</p> <p>The ruling sparked the prompt resignation of four other politicians – Labor MPs Justine Keay, Josh Wilson and Susan Lamb, and crossbencher Rebekha Sharkie.</p> <p>Next month, they all plan to recontest their seats in a by-election, reported <a href="https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/labor-leader-bill-shorten-insisted-there-were-no-dual-citizens-in-his-party-for-10-months/news-story/0af977e227123dd34fe937246bacf211" target="_blank"><em><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Daily Telegraph.</span></strong></em></a></p> <p>The Liberal Party will contest Ms Keay’s Tasmanian seat of Braddon, Ms Lamb’s Queensland seat of Longman and Ms Sharkie’s South Australian seat of Mayo – which are all marginal and were recently held by the Liberals.</p> <p>For 10 months, Mr Shorten repeatedly claimed none of his MPs were dual citizens because of Labor’s vigorous vetting process for political candidates.</p> <p>“We have a strict vetting process. There is no cloud over any of our people, let’s be straight here,” he said in ­August.</p> <p>When Mr Shorten was later questioned about a Labor politician’s potential foreign citizenship, he repeated the claim.</p> <p>In August, Mr Shorten rejected Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull’s request to refer all politicians with questionable citizenship status to the High Court.</p> <p>He agreed that it was “manifestly in the national ­interest” for the High Court to determine eligibility but said: “The Labor Party has the strictest processes in place to ensure all candidates are compliant with the Constitution prior to their nomination for election. Therefore, I politely decline your offer.”</p> <p>Yesterday, Mr Shorten offered no apology for the error of judgement but blamed the ALP’s lawyers and said the High Court had set a new precedent.</p> <p>“At all times the Labor Party has acted in good faith. I have relied upon the legal advice provided to me by the Labor Party,” he said.</p>

News

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UPDATE: NZ govt confirms Barnaby Joyce is NZ citizen

<p>Deputy Prime Minister Barnaby Joyce has become embroiled in a dual-citizenship scandal, after receiving advice that he may in fact be a New Zealand citizen.</p> <p>Mr Joyce is reportedly set to remain Deputy PM and says he has not breached the Constitution according to legal advice, but will approach the High Court for a ruling.</p> <p>The New Zealand High Commission reportedly contacted the Nationals leader last Thursday afternoon advising that he may be regarded a citizen by descent.</p> <p>Mr Joyce’s mother is Australia, but his father was born in New Zealand and reportedly arrived in Australia in 1947 as a British subject. </p> <p><span>"Given the strength of the legal advice the government has received, the prime minister has asked that I remain Deputy Prime Minister and continue my ministerial duties," he said.</span></p> <p>Mr Joyce told Parliament he was shocked by the allegations, but added he would not resign from cabinet and planned to remain as the member for New England.</p> <p>But some legal experts suggested that Mr Joyce could be a dual citizen. If so, he would be disqualified from Parliament, potentially jeopardising the Turnbull government's slim majority.</p> <p>UPDATE: The New Zealand government has confirmed that Mr Joyce is in fact a citizen of New Zealand.</p> <p>New Zealand Prime Minister Bill English told <em>Sky News</em>, “Unwittingly or not he's a New Zealand citizen.”</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr">Question Time for DPM Barnaby Joyce and the Prime Minister <a href="https://t.co/ws2R6Lebx6">pic.twitter.com/ws2R6Lebx6</a></p> — Alex Ellinghausen (@ellinghausen) <a href="https://twitter.com/ellinghausen/status/896957612888997888">August 14, 2017</a></blockquote> <p>The Prime Minister defended Mr Joyce, <span>insisting </span>the High Court would rule in his favour.</p> <p>“If an Australian citizen, who became a citizen of this country by reason of being born here, was to be ineligible to stand for Parliament because the law of a foreign country imposed foreign citizenship on them without their knowledge, due to their descent from a parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, then, plainly, millions of Australians could be disqualified from standing for parliament,” Mr Turnbull said.</p> <p>“Based on advice from the Solicitor-General, the government is the very confident the court will not find that the member for New England is to be disqualified from the Parliament.”</p> <p><em>Image credit: Richard Hinds‏ / Twitter</em></p>

Legal

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Royal Caribbean offers big discounts for people the over age of 55

<p>Royal Caribbean is offering a range of special discounts for cruisers over the age of 55, which could see you save up to $400 per person on your next cruise.</p> <p>If you book your cruise before 30 June 2017 you might also qualify for the ‘Buy One, Get One Half Price’ offer which would give you the opportunity to stay in a luxurious Balcony statement for the price of a standard Oceanview.</p> <p>Royal Caribbean Australia &amp; NZ managing director Adam Armstrong says, “Whether your idea of a holiday involves rest and relaxation, or adventure and exhilaration, with bigger ships and more space to do it all, Royal Caribbean has mature travellers covered.”</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr">And this is just 10 seconds. <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/TravelTuesday?src=hash">#TravelTuesday</a> <a href="https://t.co/ABRn2fVYXn">pic.twitter.com/ABRn2fVYXn</a></p> — Royal Caribbean (@RoyalCaribbean) <a href="https://twitter.com/RoyalCaribbean/status/864564212038873089">May 16, 2017</a></blockquote> <p>Royal Caribbean’s offer applies to the six-night Tasmania cruise on Explorer of the Seas, which is departing from Sydney on 9 December 2017, and the nine-night South Pacific cruise on Voyager of the Seas, which is set to leave 3 December 2017.</p> <p>For more information and to see how you can get this offer, <a href="https://secure.royalcaribbean.com.au/cruise-deals/offers/senior-citizen-discount-cruise/" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>click here</strong></span></a>.</p> <p>Have you ever cruised with Royal Caribbean?</p>

Cruising

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How I feel about becoming a “senior citizen”

<p><em><strong>Sue McGrath, 72, is embarking on her <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="/travel/international-travel/2016/08/my-first-ever-solo-trip-since-my-husband-passed-away/">first ever solo adventure since her husband of 42 years passed away.</a></span></strong></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span></p> <p>I don’t really know when I became aware that I’m now classed as ‘old’. It’s just something that crept up on me. I’ve been going grey since I was in my 30s and have always embraced my salt and pepper colouring as my mother was the same. I’m now approaching my 73rd birthday this year, almost completely grey and love it and have never coloured my hair once. It’s just me. Can’t change what’s happening and who would I be fooling anyway? And I keep my hair neatly and regularly cut in short style that suits me. </p> <p>As for the rest of me? Well, on the outside I’m now a “senior citizen”, but on the inside I’m still young. Love my rock ‘n roll music – up loud, and the music of Frank Sinatra, Rod Stewart, John Farnham, Errol Garner, Carole King and many more. Love to sing along with songs that I’ve known all my life. I can frequently be caught dancing around the kitchen.  Love driving with the windows down, iPod up and pedal to the metal. I try to keep my mind active with improving my computer skills, reading a lot and being aware of what’s happening out there in the world. The lines on my face are from smiling and laughing – nothing to do with age.</p> <p>Since my husband of 42 years passed away in 2008, I have been on my own – and that takes some getting used to. Still don’t like the aloneness and not having my backstop to bounce my ideas with. We were a team together through all those years of bringing up family, business together and all that goes with being married. Hate eating alone in a restaurant. Miss him.</p> <p>But life goes on and so I moved from Sydney to the Gold Coast to be near my grandchildren, but after almost two years I am selling up and moving back to somewhere within two hours of Sydney. Need the four seasons again and can’t live with the heat and humidity. Gave it a try but it didn’t work. I’ll just start again. It was not a mistake – merely an incorrect decision.</p> <p>However, I have caught the travel bug and have been overseas on trips that my husband and I often spoke about but never got to do together. I have taken him with me each time, wherever I have visited. Just recently did the USA for a five-week trip including Route 66 from Chicago to Las Vegas in a Red Mustang. I have promised myself to re-visit Italy and to walk Venice on my own for two weeks. It is such a heavenly historical place.  </p> <p>So I move forward, towards I know not what, but with a positive attitude that whatever happens, happens. I just have to embrace it. That’s life: Live. Love. Laugh and Keep Smiling.</p> <p><em><strong>If you have a story to share please get in touch at <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="mailto:melody@oversixty.com.au">melody@oversixty.com.au</a></span></strong></em></p> <p><strong>Related links: </strong></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="/lifestyle/retirement-life/2016/07/is-happiness-really-what-we-are-after-in-retirement/"><em>Is happiness really what we’re after in retirement?</em></a></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="/lifestyle/retirement-life/2016/07/my-simple-secret-for-a-happy-retirement/"><em>My simple secret for a happy retirement</em></a></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="/lifestyle/retirement-life/2016/07/reawaken-your-creativity-in-retirement/"><em>Reawaken your creativity in retirement</em></a></strong></span></p>

Retirement Life

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Swiss government may pay every citizen $3,500 a month whether they work or not

<p>Swiss residents are set to head to the ballots on June 5 to vote on a radical, countrywide referendum that would see every adult guaranteed a monthly income of around $3,500.</p> <p>The plan, proposed by a group of intellectuals, would make Switzerland the first country in the world to pay all of its citizens a monthly income, regardless if they work or not.</p> <p>That being said the initiative hasn’t gained too much traction.</p> <p>Politicians on the left and right have disapproved of the idea, but ultimately it will be the Swiss citizens who decide then they head to the ballot box in June.</p> <p>The estimated cost of the proposal would be 208 billion francs (almost $300 billion AUD).</p> <p>The group proposing the initiative, made up or artists, writers and intellectuals citied a survey suggesting the majority of Swiss people would continue to work.</p> <p>'The argument of opponents that a guaranteed income would reduce the incentive of people to work is therefore largely contradicted,' it said in a statement.  </p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><a href="/news/news/2016/02/playful-panda-cub-frolic-in-the-snow/"><strong>Watch this playful panda cub frolic in the snow</strong></a></em></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><a href="/news/news/2016/02/groom-mispronounces-wedding-vows/"><strong>Groom mispronounces wedding vows and bride can’t stop laughing</strong></a></em></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><a href="/news/news/2016/02/woman-raccoon-like-creature-sleeping-on-her-chest/"><strong>99-year-old woman wakes up to find raccoon-like creature sleeping on her chest</strong></a></em></span></p>

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