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What is ‘health at every size’ lifestyle counselling? How does it compare with weight-focused treatments?

<div class="theconversation-article-body"><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/clare-collins-7316">Clare Collins</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-newcastle-1060">University of Newcastle</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/erin-clarke-1314081">Erin Clarke</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-newcastle-1060">University of Newcastle</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jordan-stanford-1631336">Jordan Stanford</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-newcastle-1060">University of Newcastle</a>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/maria-gomez-martin-1218567">María Gómez Martín</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-newcastle-1060">University of Newcastle</a></em></p> <p>Health at every size (or HAES) is a lifestyle counselling approach that promotes mindful eating and lifestyle behaviours to pursue health and wellness, without focusing on weight loss. Weight loss is seen as a <a href="https://www1.racgp.org.au/newsgp/clinical/understanding-the-%E2%80%98health-at-every-size%E2%80%99-paradigm">beneficial side effect</a>, rather than a goal.</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.sizeinclusivehealth.org.au/What-is-HAES">Association for Size Diversity and Health</a> first developed the approach in 2003 and revised it in 2013 and 2024. Its current <a href="https://asdah.org/haes/">core principles</a> promote:</p> <ul> <li>minimising weight discrimination</li> <li>encouraging body acceptance</li> <li>intuitive eating</li> <li>enjoyable physical activities.</li> </ul> <p>It also aims to address <a href="https://theobesitycollective.org.au/our-work/#weight-stigma-awareness">stigma and discrimination</a> that people in larger bodies may experience when seeking medical care.</p> <p>Internationally, a <a href="https://asdah.org/listing/">range of health professionals</a> have incorporated the HAES approach into their treatment and services. Some organisations, such as <a href="https://obesitycanada.ca/guidelines/nutrition/">Obesity Canada</a>, have included HAES in their <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32753461/">guidelines for obesity treatment</a>.</p> <h2>How does it compare with weight-focused treatments?</h2> <p>We conducted a <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38563692/">systematic review and meta-analysis</a> of all the research studies published until November 2022 that had used HAES-based programs.</p> <p>Across 19 scientific papers, we compared the outcomes of people living in larger bodies who used HAES-based programs <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38563692/">with</a>:</p> <ul> <li>conventional weight loss programs (six studies)</li> <li>people on waiting lists receiving no treatment at all (six studies)</li> <li>groups where people received weekly social support in groups (four studies).</li> </ul> <p>We evaluated the program’s impact on appetite, weight, physical health measurements including cholesterol and blood pressure, and also wellbeing and mental health.</p> <p>Our analysis found HAES interventions were beneficial in reducing susceptibility to hunger more than other approaches, meaning people had less subjective perceptions of hunger or eating in response to emotions.</p> <p>However, compared to control interventions, HAES did not show superior results for improving any other physical health outcome – weight loss, blood cholesterol levels, blood pressure – or wellbeing or mental health outcomes.</p> <p>Given the results to date, the choice about whether to use a HAES-based approach (or not) will depend on each person’s preference, needs and goals.</p> <h2>Don’t get your health advice from influencers</h2> <p>While HAES has been used in clinical practice for many years, some United States and Canadian anti-diet practitioner’s motives have been scrutinised because of their links <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2024/04/03/diet-culture-nutrition-influencers-general-mills-processed-food/">with processed food companies</a>.</p> <p>The spotlight was put on the <a href="https://nutritionbycarrie.com/2024/04/washington-post-dietitians.html">very small number</a> of dietitian “influencers” (roughly 20 from a membership of more than 80,000 dietitians in the US and Canada) promoting “eat what you feel like” and discouraging people from making weight loss attempts, under the banner of HAES. They failed to mention they were being paid to promote products sold by food, beverage or supplement companies.</p> <p>US <a href="https://nutritionbycarrie.com/2024/04/washington-post-dietitians.html">author and dietitian Carrie Dennet</a> urges people to not look to influencers for health advice. Instead, seek non-judgemental health care from your GP.</p> <h2>What might treatment look like?</h2> <p>When improving your health is a treatment goal, a good place to start your journey is to have a health check-up with your doctor, as well as to assess your relationship with food.</p> <p>A healthy relationship with food means being able to eat appropriate amounts and variety of foods to meet your nutritional, health and wellbeing goals. This might include strategies such as:</p> <ul> <li>keeping a <a href="https://theconversation.com/what-does-having-a-good-relationship-with-food-mean-4-ways-to-know-if-youve-got-one-202622">food mood diary</a></li> <li>reflecting on factors that influence your eating</li> <li>practising <a href="https://theconversation.com/thinking-youre-on-a-diet-is-half-the-problem-heres-how-to-be-a-mindful-eater-99207">mindful eating</a></li> <li>learning about nutrient needs</li> <li>focusing on food enjoyment and the pleasure that comes from preparing, sharing and eating with others.</li> </ul> <p>If you need more help to develop this, ask your doctor to refer you to a health practitioner who can assist.</p> <h2>What if your goal is weight loss?</h2> <p>When it comes to medical nutrition therapy to treat weight-related health conditions, such as high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes, the approach will depend on individual needs and expectations.</p> <p>Broadly, there are three graded energy intake target levels:</p> <ol> <li> <p>a reduced-energy diet where the goal is to lower energy intake by 2,000 to 4,000 kilojoules (kJ) per day by identifying food substitutions, like swapping soft drinks and other sugar-sweetened drinks for zero or diet versions or water.</p> </li> <li> <p>a <a href="https://theconversation.com/health-check-whats-the-best-diet-for-weight-loss-21557">low-energy diet</a>, which uses an energy intake goal in the range of 4,200-5,000 kJ, up to 7,000 kJ per day depending on an individual’s energy expenditure.</p> </li> <li> <p>the most restricted regime is a <a href="https://theconversation.com/health-check-whats-the-best-diet-for-weight-loss-21557">very low-energy diet</a>, has an energy intake target less than 2,500 kJ/day, achieved using formulated meal replacement products.</p> </li> </ol> <p>The aim of a <a href="https://theconversation.com/health-check-whats-the-best-diet-for-weight-loss-21557">very low-energy diet</a> is to facilitate rapid weight loss when this is essential to improve health acutely such as poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Such a diet should be used under supervision by your doctor and dietitian.</p> <p>When selecting an initial <a href="https://theconversation.com/health-check-whats-the-best-diet-for-weight-loss-21557">strategy</a>, seek a balance between energy intake goals and your ability to stick to it. Your approach may change over time as your health needs change.</p> <p>If you need personalised nutrition advice, ask for a referral to an accredited practising dietitian. The <a href="https://member.dietitiansaustralia.org.au/Portal/Portal/Search-Directories/Find-a-Dietitian.aspx">register of service providers though Dietitians Australia</a> allows you to view their expertise and location.</p> <p>Regardless of whether your practitioner uses a HAES approach or not, your health providers should always treat you with respect and address your personal health and wellbeing.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/234376/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/clare-collins-7316">Clare Collins</a>, Laureate Professor in Nutrition and Dietetics, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-newcastle-1060">University of Newcastle</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/erin-clarke-1314081">Erin Clarke</a>, Postdoctoral Researcher, Nutrition and Dietetics, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-newcastle-1060">University of Newcastle</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jordan-stanford-1631336">Jordan Stanford</a>, Post Doctorate Fellow, Nutrition and Dietetics, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-newcastle-1060">University of Newcastle</a>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/maria-gomez-martin-1218567">María Gómez Martín</a>, Dietitian and early career researcher, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-newcastle-1060">University of Newcastle</a></em></p> <p><em>Image </em><em>credits: Shutterstock </em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/what-is-health-at-every-size-lifestyle-counselling-how-does-it-compare-with-weight-focused-treatments-234376">original article</a>.</em></p> </div>

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Readers response: How do you feel about online shopping compared to traditional in-store shopping?

<p>When it comes to shopping for things we want and need, many people have a preference over whether they shop in a physical store or online. </p> <p>We asked our readers which they prefer when shopping for food, clothes or anything else their hearts desire, and the response was overwhelming. Here's what they said.</p> <p><strong>Ellen Polsen</strong> - Why would one buy online? I like to feel and see the things I purchase, particularly garments, as fabrics today are mostly rubbish.</p> <p><strong>Jennie Craven</strong> - I do a little of each. But usually use stores that I know or brands where the sizing is correct for me. I always use a payment system that I understand. </p> <p><strong>Gail Ladds</strong> - I love online shopping! I often forget that I’ve bought something then get a nice surprise when it arrives lol.</p> <p><strong>Debra Coats</strong> - Online is okay when you cant go to the store. I did online shopping for about 8 months after open heart surgery but when i was given the all clear to shop and drive, I was in my element as its a moment of getting out of the house and seeing others around me.</p> <p><strong>Karen Peardon</strong> - I have done some online shopping (mainly craft supplies) only because I have been very ill for months but I love in-store shopping more. Retail therapy!!</p> <p><strong>Christine Whyte</strong> - Have not and will not ever do it, very old school and too wary of the dangers out there, besides I like getting out and choosing for myself.</p> <p><strong>Helga Bonello</strong> - I like to see feel and touch products before I buy. Online scammers are a worry, besides we need a reason to go out and be sociable.</p> <p><strong>Olimpia Palumbo</strong> - My family does on line shopping and usually end up with the worst fruit and sometimes the wrong items.</p> <p><em>Image credits: Shutterstock </em></p>

Money & Banking

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Can you drink your fruit and vegetables? How does juice compare to the whole food?

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/emma-beckett-22673">Emma Beckett</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/unsw-sydney-1414">UNSW Sydney</a></em></p> <p>Do you struggle to eat your fruits and vegetables? You are not alone. Less than 5% of Australians eat the recommended serves of fresh produce <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/dietary-behaviour/latest-release">each day</a> (with 44% eating enough fruit but only 6% eating the recommended vegetables).</p> <p>Adults <a href="https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/food-essentials/five-food-groups">should aim to eat</a> at least five serves of vegetables (or roughly 375 grams) and two serves of fruit (about 300 grams) each day. Fruits and vegetables help keep us healthy because they have lots of nutrients (vitamins, minerals and fibre) and health-promoting bioactive compounds (substances not technically essential but which have health benefits) without having many calories.</p> <p>So, if you are having trouble <a href="https://theconversation.com/want-your-child-to-eat-more-veggies-talk-to-them-about-eating-the-rainbow-195563">eating the rainbow</a>, you might be wondering – is it OK to drink your fruits and vegetables instead in a juice or smoothie? Like everything in nutrition, the answer is all about context.</p> <h2>It might help overcome barriers</h2> <p>Common reasons for not eating enough fruits and vegetables are <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1747-0080.12735">preferences, habits, perishability, cost, availability, time and poor cooking skills</a>. Drinking your fruits and vegetables in juices or smoothies can help overcome some of these barriers.</p> <p><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2009.01760.x">Juicing or blending</a> can help disguise tastes you don’t like, like bitterness in vegetables. And it can blitz imperfections such as bruises or soft spots. Preparation doesn’t take much skill or time, particularly if you just have to pour store-bought juice from the bottle. Treating for food safety and shipping time does change the make up of juices slightly, but unsweetened juices still remain significant sources of <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12403253/">nutrients</a> and <a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/00070701111140089/full/html?fullSc=1">beneficial bioactives</a>.</p> <p>Juicing can <a href="https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/nutrit/nuz031/30096176/nuz031.pdf">extend shelf life</a> and reduce the cost of nutrients. In fact, when researchers looked at the density of nutrients relative to the costs of common foods, <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/11/5771">fruit juice was the top performer</a>.</p> <h2>So, drinking my fruits and veggies counts as a serve, right?</h2> <p>How juice is positioned in healthy eating recommendations is a bit confusing. The <a href="https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/food-essentials/five-food-groups/fruit">Australian Dietary Guidelines</a> include 100% fruit juice with fruit but vegetable juice isn’t mentioned. This is likely because vegetable juices weren’t as common in 2013 when the guidelines were last revised.</p> <p><a href="https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/food-essentials/five-food-groups/fruit">The guidelines</a> also warn against having juice too often or in too high amounts. This appears to be based on the logic that juice is similar, but not quite as good as, whole fruit. Juice has lower levels of fibre compared to fruits, with fibre important for gut health, heart health and promoting feelings of fullness. Juice and smoothies also release the sugar from the fruit’s other structures, making them “free”. The <a href="https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789241549028">World Health Organization recommends</a> we limit free sugars for good health.</p> <p>But fruit and vegetables are more than just the sum of their parts. When we take a “<a href="https://hal.science/hal-01630639/">reductionist</a>” approach to nutrition, foods and drinks are judged based on assumptions made about limited features such as sugar content or specific vitamins.</p> <p>But these features might not have the impact we logically assume because of the complexity of foods and people. When humans eat varied and complex diets, we don’t necessarily need to be concerned that some foods are lower in fibre than others. Juice can retain the nutrients and bioactive compounds of fruit and vegetables and even add more because parts of the fruit we don’t normally eat, like the skin, can be included.</p> <h2>So, it is healthy then?</h2> <p>A recent <a href="https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/advance-article/doi/10.1093/nutrit/nuae036/7659479?login=false">umbrella review of meta-analyses</a> (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8977198/">a type of research</a> that combines data from multiple studies of multiple outcomes into one paper looked at the relationship between 100% juice and a range of health outcomes.</p> <p>Most of the evidence showed juice had a neutral impact on health (meaning no impact) or a positive one. Pure 100% juice was linked to improved heart health and inflammatory markers and wasn’t clearly linked to weight gain, multiple cancer types or metabolic markers (such as blood sugar levels).</p> <p>Some health risks linked to drinking juice were <a href="https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/advance-article/doi/10.1093/nutrit/nuae036/7659479?login=false">reported</a>: death from heart disease, prostate cancer and diabetes risk. But the risks were all reported in <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/what-are-observational-studies#:%7E:text=Observational%20studies%20are%20research%20studies,over%20a%20period%20of%20time.">observational studies</a>, where researchers look at data from groups of people collected over time. These are not controlled and do not record consumption in the moment. So other drinks people think of as 100% fruit juice (such as sugar-sweetened juices or cordials) might accidentally be counted as 100% fruit juice. These types of studies are not good at showing the direct causes of illness or death.</p> <h2>What about my teeth?</h2> <p>The common belief juice damages teeth might not stack up. Studies that show juice damages teeth often <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00190/full">lump 100% juice in with sweetened drinks</a>. Or they use model systems like fake mouths that <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00190/full">don’t match</a> how people drinks juice in real life. Some <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00190/full">use extreme scenarios</a> like sipping on large volumes of drink frequently over long periods of time.</p> <p>Juice is acidic and does contain sugars, but it is possible proper oral hygiene, including <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0300571207000152?via%3Dihub">rinsing, cleaning</a> and using straws can mitigate these risks.</p> <p>Again, reducing juice to its acid level misses the rest of the story, including the nutrients and bioactives contained in juice that are <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352385919300210#:%7E:text=Research%20has%20also%20confirmed%20that,prevention%20of%20oral%20inflammatory%20disorders.">beneficial to oral health</a>.</p> <h2>So, what should I do?</h2> <p>Comparing whole fruit (a food) to juice (a drink) can be problematic. They serve different culinary purposes, so aren’t really interchangeable.</p> <p>The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating recommends <a href="https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/guidelines/australian-guide-healthy-eating">water as the preferred beverage</a> but this assumes you are getting all your essential nutrients from eating.</p> <p>Where juice fits in your diet depends on what you are eating and what other drinks it is replacing. Juice might replace water in the context of a “perfect” diet. Or juice might replace <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/substitution-of-pure-fruit-juice-for-fruit-and-sugarsweetened-beverages-and-cardiometabolic-risk-in-epicnl-a-prospective-cohort-study/B7314F1198109712DE0F2E44D919A6A7">alcohol or sugary soft drinks</a> and make the relative benefits look very different.</p> <h2>On balance</h2> <p>Whether you want to eat your fruits and vegetables or drink them comes down to what works for you, how it fits into the context of your diet and your life.</p> <p>Smoothies and juices aren’t a silver bullet, and there is no evidence they work as a “cleanse” or <a href="https://theconversation.com/lemon-water-wont-detox-or-energise-you-but-it-may-affect-your-body-in-other-ways-180035">detox</a>. But, with society’s low levels of fruit and vegetable eating, having the option to access nutrients and bioactives in a cheap, easy and tasty way shouldn’t be discouraged either.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/205222/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/emma-beckett-22673">Emma Beckett</a>, Adjunct Senior Lecturer, Nutrition, Dietetics &amp; Food Innovation - School of Health Sciences, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/unsw-sydney-1414">UNSW Sydney</a></em></p> <p><em>Image credits: Shutterstock </em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/can-you-drink-your-fruit-and-vegetables-how-does-juice-compare-to-the-whole-food-205222">original article</a>.</em></p> </div>

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Peter Dutton defends comparing pro-Palestine rally to Port Arthur massacre

<p>Peter Dutton has doubled down on controversial comments he made comparing a pro-Palestine rally to the Port Arthur massacre in 1996. </p> <p>The leader of the opposition sparked fierce criticism fort he remarks he made when discussing the rise of anti-Semitism in Australia as the Israel-Palestine war rages on. </p> <p>He compared a pro-Palestine protest that took place outside Sydney Opera House on October 9th, just days after the first attacks by Hamas, to the deadly massacre in Tasmania in which 35 people were killed which prompted major gun reforms in Australia under the Howard government.</p> <p>Dutton later repeated the comments, insisting Mr Howard’s response had been “strong” and claimed Mr Albanese has not done enough to stem the rise in anti-Semitism.</p> <p>The Opposition Leader appeared on <em>Today</em> on Friday morning where he again defended his comments when asked if he had gone too far with the comparison. </p> <p>“The point I was making, which is absolutely a legitimate one, is that I thought this was a time for the Prime Minister (Anthony Albanese) to show leadership and to step up,” Mr Dutton said.</p> <p>“I think, with John Howard, who stood up at a point of national importance for our country, demonstrated leadership and changed the course of history for the better. The Prime Minister has allowed this rise of anti-Semitism in our country.”</p> <p>“I don’t resile from that at all.”</p> <p>Mr Dutton’s fury was sparked by comments made by the Foreign Minister Penny Wong in her own speech earlier this week, which left the door open for Australia to back Palestinian statehood in the UN. </p> <p>“Penny Wong never went to cabinet with this proposal. It’s not agreed to by the Palestinian leaders here in Australia,” he said. </p> <p>Government Services Minister Bill Shorten then chimed in on the debate, arguing there was nothing new in Senator Wong’s comments as the war in Palestine continued to claim thousands of innocent lives. </p> <p>“Labor has had as its policy for a very long time, the whole time I’ve been a member of the Labor Party, support for a two state solution,” he told Nine. </p> <p>But he said it was a grave mistake to conflate Port Arthur with the “unacceptable” rise in anti-Semitism.</p> <p>“I think probably if he had his time again in the privacy of his own head, he would probably not do (that),” Mr Shorten said. </p> <p>“They’re two separate issues. Port Arthur was a shocking, murderous, evil act in Australia. And John Howard certainly spoke up about it."</p> <p>“I think Peter, you know, has got to make his point. That’s his job. But I think he should work with the Prime Minister to call out inflammatory language here.”</p> <p>Mr Dutton went on to clarify he was just trying to make a parallel between the two leaders’ responses. </p> <p>“John Howard stood up for our country at a time when he needed moral clarity. He did that he changed the course of history with gun laws,” he said. </p> <p>“That’s the parallel that I’m making to the absolute absence of leadership from the Prime Minister at the moment, which has given rise to those in the Jewish community talking about feeling unsafe in our country.”</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images </em></p> <div class="media image" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; width: 705.202209px; max-width: 100%;"> </div>

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Mental health: how living in the city and country compare

<p>Is it better to live in a city or in the countryside? While urban dwellers may benefit from more employment opportunities, better access to public services alongside cultural activities and entertainment, people who live in rural areas often argue they have a better sense of community and greater access to nature.</p> <p>A number of studies have sought to determine whether city or country is better for mental health by drawing on national survey data from the <a href="https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/">UK Household Longitudinal Study</a> (UKHLS). This is a national survey which has followed approximately 40,000 UK households since 2009. Each year, data is collected on a range of social, economic and behavioural factors.</p> <p>This is what some of these studies have found when it comes to mental health and where you live:</p> <h2>Physical activity</h2> <p>Research has shown that physical activity can reduce <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379719302466?casa_token=_QxDT_feTekAAAAA:Sd_9jfW0ukJY1fUCkUx43sTEGHkNBiwqViPI4-HfSx-LngPhuxBjGMRQrokDmpYlZIwzR7wDzA">anxiety</a> and <a href="https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194">depression</a>, alongside <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00223980.2018.1470487">improving mood</a> and <a href="https://academic.oup.com/tbm/article-abstract/10/5/1098/5921063?login=true">wellbeing</a>. Indeed, UK health guidelines recommend physical activity for the <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng222">treatment of depression</a> and <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/physical-activity-guidelines-adults-and-older-adults/physical-activity-for-adults-and-older-adults-19-and-over-text-of-the-infographic">improved quality of life</a>.</p> <p>One easy way of getting more physical activity in your life is through active travel – such as cycling or walking on your way to work or running errands.</p> <p>So how does urban or rural dwelling impact on this? According to UKHLS research which looked at data from 35,295 people in the UK, urban residents were 64% more likely than rural residents to <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00038-014-0578-2">engage frequently in active travel</a>. This is likely because there are more active travel opportunities in urban environments where there are shorter distances between facilities, shops, offices and homes.</p> <p>Research shows that the more active travel a person does, the better their <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214140520300487">mental health</a>. In fact, the mental health benefits of active travel may be <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28153647">just as good</a> as physical activity for leisure. So, based on this measure, people living in the city may have better mental health overall.</p> <p>But while urban life may offer more opportunities for active travel compared to living in the countryside, that doesn’t mean there aren’t still many ways to incorporate physical activity into your daily life for mental health benefits wherever you live.</p> <h2>Access to green space</h2> <p>Access to green space (such as parks) is believed to support many aspects of <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44097-3">health and wellbeing</a> – including your <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09638237.2020.1755027?journalCode=ijmh20">mental health</a>.</p> <p>To investigate whether nearby green space was related to mental wellbeing, data from the 2009-2010 UKHLS study was combined with data on the proportion of green space within different areas of England. The analysis found the amount of local green space did not actually <a href="https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-017-4401-x">predict mental wellbeing</a>.</p> <p>What this suggests is that while green space may be important for mental wellbeing, having it nearby doesn’t necessarily mean people will engage with it. As such, we can’t assume rural living is inherently more beneficial just because nature is more accessible.</p> <p>This aligns with the findings of a 2021 study, which showed that living near green space <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-87675-0#Sec2">did not improve mental health outcomes</a>. However, the analysis did find that the more frequently a person visited green spaces, the better their mental wellbeing. <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17439760.2016.1221126">Meaningful engagement with green spaces</a> (such as taking photographs) may also be more important for reaping the mental health benefits of nature.</p> <p>As such, urban living may be just as good as rural dwelling when it comes to the mental health benefits of green space.</p> <h2>Air quality</h2> <p>Numerous studies have found links between high levels of <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6447209/">air pollution</a> and <a href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/exposure-to-air-pollution-linked-with-increased-mental-health-service-use-new-study-finds">poorer mental health</a>. A <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161813X22001668?via%253Dihub">review of 111 studies</a> even suggests that polluted air may cause changes in the brain regions that control emotions. This may increase the risk of developing anxiety and depression compared to those who breathe cleaner air.</p> <p>To investigate the impact of air pollution on mental health, researchers combined data on air pollution from the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs with UKHLS survey data, alongside data from the British Household Panel Survey (which looked at 10,000 UK households and ran from 1991 to 2009). This allowed them to analyse data from the years 1991-2014.</p> <p>The analysis found that people who were exposed to higher levels of air pollution reported lower levels of <a href="https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/research/publications/524260">life satisfaction</a>. The study indicated that the negative effect of air pollution on life satisfaction can be equivalent to major life events, such as divorce.</p> <p>In general, urban areas have between <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanplh/PIIS2542-5196(21)00255-2.pdf">two to four times the levels of air pollution</a> than rural areas, suggesting people who live in cities may be more likely to experience worse mental health as a result. However, the agricultural industry also generates <a href="https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/assets/documents/reports/aqeg/2800829_Agricultural_emissions_vfinal2.pdf">high levels of air pollution</a> meaning some rural dwellers in certain settings may also be at risk.</p> <h2>Regional variation in wellbeing</h2> <p>Of course, these are just a few of the factors that affect a person’s day to day mental health – and it appears neither city nor country living is significantly better than the other when it comes to your mental health.</p> <p>Indeed, research has found that the <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00343404.2019.1645953?needAccess=true">region of the country</a> you live in may be more important when it comes to your mental health than whether you live in the city or the countryside. There are many factors that may explain this effect, including the cost of living in certain areas, alongside local politics and a person’s economic status.</p> <p>Where we live is clearly very important when it comes to our mental health. But the place that works best for your mental health will depend largely on broader social and economic factors as well as which aspects of your lifestyle are most important to you.</p> <p><em><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;">Image credit: Shutterstock</span></em></p> <p><em>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/mental-health-how-living-in-the-city-and-country-compare-200402" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a></em><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;">.</span></p>

Mind

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Floods in Victoria are uncommon. Here’s why they’re happening now – and how they compare to the past

<p>Think Victoria and disasters and you’ll think bushfires. But floods can hit – just not as often.</p> <p>Today is one of those days, with much of the state under a flood watch. Premier Dan Andrews says the floods are likely to be the <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-10-13/nsw-victoria-tasmania-wet-weather-flooding-rainfall-live-updates/101530310?utm_campaign=abc_news_web&amp;utm_content=twitter&amp;utm_medium=content_shared&amp;utm_source=abc_news_web" target="_blank" rel="noopener">most significant</a> in years. Evacuations are likely.</p> <p>Floodwaters are pushing down the Goulburn to the Murray. Major flooding in the Maribyrnong, which runs through towns and Melbourne’s west. Emergency services say evacuations may be necessary. Towns are sandbagging flood-prone areas. Some have been cut off by rising waters.</p> <p>The state’s largest dam, Dartmouth, is spilling over. So is Lake Eildon’s dam. And the Thomson dam may well spill this weekend, for the first time in decades. This isn’t the last of it – Victoria’s emergency management commissioner Andrew Crisp has warned intense rains and floods could last up to <a href="https://www.3aw.com.au/in-this-for-a-while-emergency-management-commissioners-warning-to-victorians/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">six to eight weeks</a>.</p> <p>Even as the rest of the eastern seaboard has faced the brunt of three consecutive La Niña years, Victoria has had little flooding until now. Tasmania, too, is facing rare flooding, while flood-weary New South Wales is bracing for more.</p> <p>These heavy rains are unusual. Dense cloud bands have crossed the desert, carrying moisture evaporating from seas off north-west Australia. Rain has fallen across almost the entire continent in the last two weeks. Our rain events are usually regional – <a href="https://theconversation.com/on-our-wettest-days-stormclouds-can-dump-30-trillion-litres-of-water-across-australia-191949" target="_blank" rel="noopener">not national</a>.</p> <h2>Why doesn’t Victoria have as many floods?</h2> <p>Victoria’s claim to fame in disasters is that it’s the most <a href="https://insidestory.org.au/we-have-still-not-lived-long-enough/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">bushfire-prone region</a> in the world (followed by California and Greece).</p> <p>Fire risk also comes from climate. Victoria’s temperate climate means dry summers and less rain than its northern counterparts – around 520 millimetres of rain a year falls on average in Melbourne, compared to 1175mm a year in Sydney and 1149mm in Brisbane. Up north, rain tends to fall intensely, whereas Victoria’s rain tends to fall more as drizzle.</p> <p>What’s different this time? September was wetter and colder <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/month/vic/summary.shtml" target="_blank" rel="noopener">than usual</a> in Victoria, which meant the ground was already saturated in many areas. Colder weather means less water evaporates. Together, that made the state primed for floods.</p> <p>For a flood to happen, you need a high rate of run-off, where rain hits saturated soils and flows overland rather than sinking in, as well as intense rains in a short period.</p> <p>Victoria is more familiar with flash floods. That’s because the stormwater drains in cities and towns can be overwhelmed by sudden dumps of rain, flooding streets. The good news is this flooding is usually over quickly, in contrast to the flooded rivers we see up north.</p> <p>This situation may be different. With the state’s major dams beyond capacity or very close to it, water is already spilling over. Dams in Australia are often dual-purpose, storing drinking water and allowing us some control over floods. While Brisbane’s dams are designed with gates to permit floodwater release, Victoria’s dams tend to just have dam walls.</p> <p>When dams overflow, they can add to floods in low-lying areas downstream. There’s also usually a lag time in riverine floods, as it takes hours or sometimes days for rain falling in the headwaters to end up as floodwater downstream.</p> <h2>What floods has Victoria seen before?</h2> <p>The largest was in 1934. More than 140mm of rain fell over two days in Melbourne, and more than double that in Gippsland. The <a href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/10998182" target="_blank" rel="noopener">enormous flood</a> that followed was most devastating in Melbourne, where the Yarra <a href="https://knowledge.aidr.org.au/resources/flood-melbourne-and-victoria-1934/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">broke its banks</a> and formed a lake from the city out to the outer suburbs. Thirty-six people died, and thousands of people were left homeless.</p> <p>Floods in the capital and in the regions are <a href="https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/a-brief-history-of-victorian-floods-20171202-gzxcem.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">rare but not unknown</a>. In 1891, floods forced more than 3,000 people from their homes in Richmond, Collingwood and Prahran. In 1909, western Victorian rivers broke their banks, flooding many towns and causing four deaths.</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.floodvictoria.vic.gov.au/learn-about-flooding/flood-history/post-2000-floods" target="_blank" rel="noopener">most recent</a> big floods took place during the previous La Niña cycle from 2010-2012, with western Victoria taking the brunt of the damage.</p> <p>Flooding in Victoria has also reduced because people have shifted the course of rivers – particularly the Yarra.</p> <p>In 1879, 2,000 workers began a monster task: removing an entire loop of the Yarra west of the Docklands. One reason? Straight rivers flow faster, meaning floodwaters can discharge more quickly.</p> <p>Engineer John Coode was responsible for designing the new course for the Yarra, which also had the benefit of a wide new channel to improve access for ships. In the process, his workers created what’s now known as Coode Island.</p> <p>In 1896, Victoria’s Parliament passed the <a href="http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/hist_act/yia1896218/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Yarra Improvement Act</a> in a bid to reduce the damage caused by floods. Workers widened and deepened the river, and removed billabongs near the Botanic Gardens in the process.</p> <p>In the 1930s, engineers built another channel through an old quarry leading to the creation of Herring Island. These changes were mainly about improving navigation for ships – but they had the double benefit of reducing flooding in the lower reaches. In part, it was about British ideals of what rivers should look like, using highly modified rivers like London’s Thames as a guide.</p> <h2>What’s next?</h2> <p>Changing the course of rivers, raising dams and building levees can make us feel like we’re in control. Unfortunately, it’s not that simple, as <a href="https://theconversation.com/its-time-to-come-clean-on-lismores-future-people-and-businesses-have-to-relocate-away-from-the-floodplains-184636" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lismore’s residents found</a>.</p> <p>Flood control measures can actually make the impact of <a href="https://theconversation.com/to-stop-risky-developments-in-floodplains-we-have-to-tackle-the-profit-motive-and-our-false-sense-of-security-184062" target="_blank" rel="noopener">large floods worse</a> by giving us a false sense of security about living on floodplains.</p> <p>This is unlikely to be the last flood before La Niña finally relents. It’s worth knowing your state’s history of disasters – so you can be better prepared. After all, we can’t control nature.</p> <p><strong>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/floods-in-victoria-are-uncommon-heres-why-theyre-happening-now-and-how-they-compare-to-the-past-192391" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>. </strong></p> <p><em>Image: Twitter</em></p>

Travel Trouble

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"Where can I find this cheaper?" New app compares Coles and Woolies

<p><em>Image: Wiselist app</em></p> <p>It’s the age-old question shoppers everywhere have been asking almost every day: “Where can I find this cheaper?”</p> <p>Well, today is the today those questions have been answered. Wiselist, a free app, will compare weekly prices between Coles and Woolworths.</p> <p>“Super cheap and handy to have both Coles and Woolies groceries mix and matched, then delivered on the same day,” one shopper wrote in the money-saving Facebook group ‘Markdown addicts Australia’.</p> <p>Budget-savvy shoppers are keen to understand how the app works and how they can implement it as part of their grocery shopping routine.</p> <p>“Oh, what? Did not know this was a thing! And here’s me manually looking up the prices for my shopping list before we go out,” one person wrote in a post about the app.</p> <p>“This is a life-saver for me! Didn’t even know about it,” added another.</p> <p>So, how does Wiselist work?</p> <p>It works by offering the consumer the option to search for items and create their own grocery list.</p> <p>As items are searched for, the list of products appears, breaking down the cost between Coles and Woolworths.</p> <p>The cheaper option is displayed at the top, showing the price difference between stores for that particular product.</p> <p>There is an option to create a grocery list for the week or fortnight with the price breakdown from each store available. You can even browse products through each of the stores' weekly catalogues and add them to your shopping list.</p> <p>As you add items, the app displays a price comparison for that item and total price for both Coles and Woolworths, letting you know which store has the cheaper option. The app also includes a watchlist feature, enabling you to be alerted when items go on sale. You can even add Flybuys and Everyday Rewards cards to the app to collect your points.</p> <p>So what’s the catch?</p> <p>While the app is useful for price comparison, the delivery feature isn’t available to everyone. It’s only available in metro Sydney. You would need to take into account the 5 per cent charge and delivery fee on top of your grocery bill.</p> <p>While this app seems like every budget-friendly shoppers dream, some users have pointed out “it sometimes displays the same price of products, but a different price per unit which customers need to look out for.”</p> <p>Apps including ‘Frugl’ have also been suggested.</p> <p>Happy savings!</p>

Technology

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Brain strain: neurological effects of COVID and vaccines compared

<p>Concerns about the side-effects of COVID vaccinations have been amplified during the current pandemic by both the vast quantity of data that’s accumulating, and traditional- and social-media coverage.</p> <p>Rare blood clots resulting from first doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1nCoV-19) vaccine have been most prominently revealed. As a result there have been changes to the age range of people administered AstraZeneca vaccine, and in a few instances its suspension from national vaccination programs.</p> <p>Now, a nationwide study of 32 million adults in England has revealed an increased, but low, risk of the rare neurological conditions Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and Bell’s palsy following a first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine. The study also revealed an increased, but low, risk of hemorrhagic stroke following a first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccine.</p> <p>However, the research, <a rel="noopener" href="/t%20%20https:/doi.org/10.1038/%20s41591-021-01556-7" target="_blank">published</a> in <em>Nature Medicine</em>, also revealed a substantially higher risk of seven neurological outcomes, including GBS, after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test.</p> <p>“Crucially, we found that the risk of neurological complications from [COVID] infection was substantially higher than the risk of adverse events from vaccinations in our population,” the authors wrote. “[F]or example, 145 excess cases versus 38 excess cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome per 10 million exposed in those who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test and [AstraZeneca]-19 vaccine, respectively.”</p> <blockquote> <p>“The risks of adverse neurological events following SARS-CoV-2 infection are much greater than those associated with vaccinations”</p> </blockquote> <p>Cosmos has <a rel="noopener" href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/adverse-reactions-guillain-barre-tts-and-the-fine-mesh-net/" target="_blank">reported</a> on the extraordinarily fine-mesh approach to monitoring vaccine side-effects in Australia, which as of early September had been unable to establish a clear link between GBS and AstraZeneca shots. All Australians vaccinated for COVID thus far have received one of the two vaccines examined in the new research, and their efficacy has been widely confirmed.</p> <p>The study – a collaboration between several English and Scottish institutions – made its findings among English adults, which was then replicated in an independent national cohort of more than three million Scottish people.</p> <p>The authors anticipate that these results will inform risk–benefit evaluations for vaccine programs as well as clinical decision-making and resource allocation for these rare neurological complications. They conclude their findings are likely to be of relevance to other countries, but that more studies need to be done.</p> <p>“We believe that these findings are likely to be of relevance to other countries using these vaccines and it would be useful to replicate these results in similarly large datasets internationally,” wrote the authors, in conclusion.</p> <p>“Importantly, the risks of adverse neurological events following SARS-CoV-2 infection are much greater than those associated with vaccinations, highlighting the benefits of ongoing vaccination programs.”</p> <p><!-- Start of tracking content syndication. Please do not remove this section as it allows us to keep track of republished articles --></p> <p><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=170617&amp;title=Brain+strain%3A+neurological+effects+of+COVID+and+vaccines+compared" alt="" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><!-- End of tracking content syndication --></p> <div id="contributors"> <p><em><a rel="noopener" href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/covid/side-effects-of-covid-and-vaccines/" target="_blank">This article</a> was originally published on <a rel="noopener" href="https://cosmosmagazine.com" target="_blank">Cosmos Magazine</a> and was written by <a rel="noopener" href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/contributor/cosmos-editors" target="_blank">Cosmos</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Wikimedia Commons</em></p> </div>

Mind

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How the actors from The Crown compare to the real-life British royals

<p>The Crown tells the dramatic tale of the rise of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II from a little girl born a relatively minor British princess to the revered queen of the United Kingdom. The general consensus among viewers and critics is that all four of the Netflix show’s seasons thus far have been nothing short of riveting (albeit somewhat fictionalised), as well as superbly acted.</p> <p>So now, as we eagerly await Season 5 and the new cast members who will be playing older versions of the “characters” we’ve come to feel we know personally, let’s see how the actors from The Crown compare to the real-life royals and other characters in their world.</p> <p><strong>Queen Elizabeth II as a young woman, as played by Claire Foy</strong><br />Claire Foy’s portrayal of the Queen from young adulthood through the first decade or so of middle age has been an absolute revelation. Thanks to Foy’s deeply felt, Emmy-winning portrayal, it feels as though we have a sense of the Queen as a person. And by that, we mean as a devoted daughter, a young woman in love, a mother, a politician, a boss-in-training who is excited but trepidatious about assuming the top leadership role in her “Firm,” and, ultimately, the boss.</p> <p><strong>Queen Elizabeth II in middle age, as played by Olivia Colman</strong><br />After seeing Claire Foy, it was hard to imagine how the role of the Queen could possibly be filled by another. However, the moment we first laid eyes on Olivia Colman as the middle-aged monarch, we were hooked. Not surprisingly, Colman won a Golden Globe for her portrayal, which follows the Queen into her 50s.</p> <p>“For the last year, I feel like I’ve been living someone else’s life, and now I feel like I’m winning someone else’s award,” Colman said during her slightly tipsy (by her own account) acceptance speech.</p> <p><strong>Prince Philip as a young man, as played by Matt Smith</strong><br />The husband of Queen Elizabeth, Prince Philip, now 99, is arguably an even more challenging role for an actor to tackle than the Queen herself because the former Prince of Greece and Denmark and current Duke of Edinburgh is such a force of nature. However, Doctor Who alum Matt Smith delivered an on-point portrayal of the charming, handsome military man Princess Elizabeth fell in love with when she was only 13 years old.</p> <p><strong>Prince Philip in middle age, as played by Tobias Menzies</strong><br />Following Matt Smith as Prince Philip was a formidable task, but Tobias Menzies came through as the middle-aged husband of Queen Elizabeth, perhaps better than anyone else might have. Truth be told, the role of Prince Philip was far less meaty in the Menzies seasons than in the Smith seasons. However, the scene in which Menzies as Philip attempts to talk reason to an agitated and desperately unhappy Princess Diana couldn’t have been more perfect. In it, we see the awkwardness that the not-quite-patriarch might have been feeling as he tried to school his headstrong daughter-in-law on what was what in the world of royalty.</p> <p><strong>Prince Charles as a young man, as played by Josh O’Connor</strong><br />It may be difficult to believe today, but on the day of his wedding to Lady Diana Spencer, Prince Charles was perceived by the world as a real-life Prince Charming. Tall and not-too-bad-looking despite having rather large ears, he was the slightly socially awkward future king of England. And he was marrying the sweet, statuesque kindergarten teacher with the enormous blue eyes, who was already well on her way to becoming the most beloved woman of the 20th century. As it turned out, the Princess’s popularity would play a role in alienating the Prince’s love…but so would the Prince’s love of a married commoner named Camilla Parker Bowles.</p> <p>But enough about Prince Charles. Let’s talk about Josh O’Connor, shall we? Thanks to O’Connor’s charming, brilliant, adorable, and, yes, big-eared portrayal of the Prince of Wales, the future king’s reputation has been restored. Or nearly so. As much dirt as we believe we know about the royal couple’s doomed marriage, O’Connor has made it almost impossible for us to continue to dislike the man who rejected Princess Diana and idolised Camilla. He’s almost helped us to understand what the Prince saw in Camilla, whom he eventually married in 2005.</p> <p><strong>Prince Charles as a teenager, as played by Julian Baring</strong><br />The fact that Josh O’Connor transformed Prince Charles into a heartthrob is not to say that Julian Baring’s portrayal is any less brilliant – nor is it any less charming. Baring brought true pathos to the teenage prince, who was ill-suited for the sporty boarding school, Gordonstoun, that his father insisted he attend. If we weren’t exactly swooning over Baring as Charles, it is no doubt because Baring was only 13 when he took on the role, and the script for the early seasons of The Crown did not present Charles as a romantic lead so much as a misunderstood, and sometimes petulant, teenager.</p> <p><strong>Princess Diana, as played by Emma Corrin</strong><br />Take a look at these rarely seen photos of Diana and then see if you can honestly tell them apart from Emma Corrin’s portrayal of the doomed princess and mother of Princes William and Harry. Corrin so completely embodies Princess Diana, it was almost painful for her superfans (like us) to watch – but obviously not so much that we didn’t watch. In fact, we couldn’t not watch whenever Corrin appeared on screen. We’d be inclined to say that it’s hard to imagine The Crown’s recasting of Princess Diana, but we’ve already seen the publicity photos of Elizabeth Debicki as a slightly older (but eternally youthful) version, and we suspect Debicki’s portrayal will be equally breathtaking.</p> <p><strong>Camilla Parker Bowles, as played by Emerald Fennell</strong><br />Meet The Crown’s reinvented version of the former Camilla Shand. As played by Emerald Fennell, the “other woman” in the Wales marriage is a pillow-lipped beauty who tries and tries and tries to get Charles to stay with Diana.</p> <p>Although The Crown is historical fiction, rather than a docudrama or historical reenactment, it’s still a bit stunning to see the story told in this way – with this gorgeous, likable actress playing the role of a woman who carried on a long-term affair with the husband of the beloved People’s Princess and ended up succeeding Diana as the future queen (or something like that).</p> <p><strong>Princess Margaret Rose of York as a young woman, as played by Vanessa Kirby</strong><br />Princess Margaret was the Queen’s beloved younger sister. Because she was never going to be queen, Margaret was known more for her beauty and, if we’re being frank, her antics than virtually anything else. Vanessa Kirby plays Princess Margaret as a young woman in The Crown, and the likeness, mannerisms and acting are astounding. Many viewers are especially fond of Kirby’s depiction of Princess Margaret as a star-crossed lover of the married Group Captain Peter Townsend. Despite Townsend’s having obtained a divorce and the couple’s desire to marry, they parted ways to avoid a scandal that might have tarnished Queen Elizabeth II’s reign.</p> <p><strong>Princess Margaret in middle age, as played by Helena Bonham Carter</strong><br />Helena Bonham Carter is an incredibly talented actress, and she’s especially memorable in the film Fight Club, in which she starred as Marla Singer, the deranged girlfriend of the main character, Tyler Durden. Why are we bringing that up? Arguably, and with all due respect to Bonham Carter’s acting chops, it appears she is channelling Marla Singer when playing Princess Margaret in middle age. Plus, appearance-wise, Bonham Carter doesn’t look even a bit like Princess Margaret.</p> <p><strong>Peter Townsend, as played by Ben Miles</strong><br />Peter Townsend was, arguably, the love of Princess Margaret’s life. An officer with the Royal Air Force, he acted as equerry to King George VI from 1944 to 1952 and to Queen Elizabeth II from 1952 to 1953. Having such close proximity to the royal family, Townsend fell in love with the beautiful Princess Margaret, despite the fact that he was married at the time. And the feelings were apparently mutual. The handsome Ben Miles plays Townsend to perfection, and when Margaret does not accept his marriage proposal after his divorce, his heartbreak is palpable.</p> <p><strong>Antony Armstrong-Jones, as played by Matthew Goode</strong><br />After spurning Peter Townsend’s marriage proposal in 1955, Princess Margaret went on to meet and marry a handsome and charismatic photographer, Antony Armstrong-Jones, who became the first commoner in four centuries to marry into the royal family. Following the wedding in 1960, “Tony” became the 1st Earl of Snowdon. Played on The Crown by Matthew Goode during the early years, Lord Snowdon is handsome, smarmy and seemingly irresistible, at least at first.</p> <p>Unfortunately, the Snowdon marriage was plagued by infidelity on both sides. When the couple divorced, Princess Margaret became the very first royal to be divorced since King Henry VIII. Ben Daniels plays Tony in the later years when things got incredibly weird between the Snowdons (more on that next).</p> <p><strong>Roddy Llewellyn, as played by Harry Treadaway</strong><br />Harry Treadaway appears in only two episodes of The Crown, but he’s quite memorable nonetheless. In the last episode of Season 3, Princess Margaret falls for Roddy, a gardener nearly 20 years her junior. In real life, the two carried on a romantic relationship for eight years. That’s not entirely clear from the way it’s portrayed on The Crown (which characterises the relationship as more of a fling). Treadaway as Roddy perfectly captures both the young man’s admiration for the much-older princess and his frustration over their impossible-to-ignore differences.</p> <p>Treadaway appears once more in the seventh episode of Season 4, but it’s so fleeting, it’s easy to miss, and this is likely because in real life, the two had parted ways before the events depicted in that episode happened.</p> <p><strong>King George VI, as played by Jared Harris</strong><br />Jared Harris was nominated for an Emmy for his portrayal of King George VI, the former Prince Bertie of York (born Albert Frederick Arthur George), who spent most of his life never suspecting he would become king. Yet he did, thanks to the romantic antics of his older brother, David, who for one brief year of his life was King Edward VIII. As depicted by The Crown, King George VI was an all-around good guy who was dearly loved by his family, who never wished to be king, and whose unintended ascension to the throne may have cost him his life. (He died at 56 from lung cancer.)</p> <p><strong>The Queen Consort, Queen Elizabeth, and later, the Queen Mother, as played by Victoria Hamilton</strong><br />Victoria Hamilton’s portrayal of the Queen Consort to King George VI (the former Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, who was also called Her Majesty), the mother of Princess Elizabeth, and the eventual Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother (still Her Majesty, along with her daughter, the Queen) really sells her fierce loyalty to her husband. You can genuinely feel her pain when she learns of her husband’s death. You can also feel her anger and disgust at her brother-in-law, David (the Duke of Windsor and former King Edward VIII), for putting Bertie in the position of having to be king.</p> <p><strong>The Queen Mother, as played by Marion Bailey</strong><br />When Queen Elizabeth II ascended the throne, the wife of the late King George VI was also known as Queen Elizabeth. Up until that time, it had been customary for the wife of a late king to be titled “Dowager Queen.” However, this title, while accurate, also didn’t quite hit the mark because the elder Queen Elizabeth was not just the widow of the king, but also the mother of the new queen. Hence, she became Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother.</p> <p>We see a lot of the Queen Mother in The Crown, and we should expect to continue to do so because in real life, she lived until 2002, the same year her younger daughter, Princess Margaret, passed.</p> <p><strong>Princess Anne, as played by Erin Doherty</strong><br />In a stroke of casting brilliance, Erin Doherty portrays Princess Anne in The Crown. As played by Doherty, Princess Anne is completely relatable as the often sarcastic, sometimes surly, horseback-riding younger sister of the man born to be king. So far, we’ve seen Princess Anne’s talents as an equestrian take her all the way to the 1976 Olympics in Montreal. We’ve also seen that Anne enjoyed a brief dalliance with Andrew Parker-Bowles, who would later marry Camilla Shand. What we have not yet seen is the acrimonious tailspin of the last years of her marriage to Mark Phillips, nor her acquaintance with the man who eventually became her second and current husband, Timothy Laurence.</p> <p><strong>David, Duke of Windsor, the former King Edward VIII, as played by Alex Jennings</strong><br />Alex Jennings plays the younger version of King Edward VIII, who abdicated to marry American divorcée Wallis Simpson. When King George V died in January 1936, his eldest son, David, Prince of Wales, ascended the throne. But being king meant nothing to David if he couldn’t rule alongside his lady love of two years, American divorcée Wallis Simpson. Notwithstanding the unequivocal will of the King, the government had rules to follow, which forbade a king’s marriage to a divorcée. In order to prevent a constitutional crisis, King Edward VIII abdicated, leaving his brother, Bertie, the Duke of York, to rule – and transforming Princess Elizabeth of York into the heir apparent. This decision also forever damaged David’s relationship with his own mother, Queen Mary, as well as the rest of his family.</p> <p>The former King Edward VIII went on to marry Wallis. Ostracised by the royal family, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor lived most of the rest of their lives in exile from the UK while rubbing elbows with anyone rich, famous, or powerful who would tolerate them. That included Nazis, although The Crown only briefly touches upon that. Acting legend Derek Jacobi plays the Duke of Windsor at the end of his life, but Jennings’ performance, which captures a sense of bravado and entitlement that makes the Duke seem at once despicable and pathetic, is so iconic that he will likely be the one most associated with the role.</p> <p><strong>Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor, as played by Lia Williams</strong><br />Wallis Simpson was still married to another man when she began her relationship with David, who was then the Prince of Wales. However, she was divorced by the time King George V died, leaving the throne to David, who became King Edward VIII. The new king wished to marry Wallis, but that was unacceptable as the rules then stood (not allowing a divorced consort), leading to King Edward VIII’s abdication. And that, of course, changed the line of succession forever.</p> <p>That being said, since the Duke and Duchess of Windsor never had children, it’s arguable that even if King Edward VIII had not abdicated, Queen Elizabeth might very well have ascended anyway upon his death (based on the rules of succession). For the Duchess’ later years, The Crown cast the iconic Geraldine Chaplin.</p> <p><strong>Lord Louis Mountbatten (aka Uncle Dickie), as played by Greg Wise</strong><br />Lord Louis Mountbatten, the man affectionately known as Uncle Dickie to the royal family, was Princess Alice of Battenberg’s brother. Portrayed by Greg Wise in the first two seasons, Uncle Dickie is charming and lovable, setting up the great tragedy of his death in the fourth season (when he was played by Charles Dance). Prince Philip had been close with his uncle during his youth, and Uncle Dickie also became Prince Charles’ mentor.</p> <p>While the death of Lord Mountbatten was shocking and tragic for the royal family, it did, nevertheless, provide a way for the writers of The Crown to offer a depiction of the future Princess Diana (who uses the death as an opening to flirt with Prince Charles) as less naive than many of us might have believed.</p> <p><strong>Prince Andrew, Duke of York, as played by Tom Byrne</strong><br />Thus far, The Crown has not given us much of the adult Prince Andrew, who is played by Tom Byrne. That said, we’re led to believe that if the Queen has, or perhaps had, a favourite child, it might have been Prince Andrew. On the other hand, there’s also a bit of hedging (and perhaps winking from the scriptwriters) as the Queen expresses to Philip that she’s concerned about what might become of Andrew if he doesn’t make some changes to himself. Years later, as we all know, Prince Andrew was forced to step back from his royal duties following a scandal involving the late Jeffrey Epstein.</p> <p><strong>Prince Edward, as played by Angus Imrie</strong><br />Prince Edward is one of the least publicly recognisable of Queen Elizabeth II’s children, so it’s refreshing that The Crown offers surprising insight about him. In a memorable scene, a teenage Prince Edward, played by Angus Imrie, reveals to the Queen in no uncertain terms that being the son of the Queen is not necessarily all it’s cracked up to be.</p> <p><strong>Sir Winston Churchill, as played by John Lithgow</strong><br />GETTY IMAGES, COURTESY NETFLIX<br />If it’s wrong that The Crown cast an American actor to play the great Winston Churchill, then would we even want it to be right? Even those who aren’t fans of the royal family should get something valuable out of watching John Lithgow virtually disappear into the role of the legendary prime minister in all his gaucheness, wilfulness and, ultimately, humanity.</p> <p><strong>Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, as played by Gillian Anderson</strong><br />Gillian Anderson, who played Agent Scully on The X-Files, makes a star turn as Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher during Season 4 of The Crown. She portrays the Iron Lady with dignity and surprising pathos (we even get to see her cry after being ostracised by members of Parliament). And talk about disappearing into a role – the resemblance between the real-life person and the actress playing her is nothing if not startling.</p> <p class="p1"><em>Written by  Lauren Cahn. This article first appeared on <a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/culture/how-the-actors-from-the-crown-compare-to-the-real-life-british-royals"><span class="s1">Reader’s Digest</span></a>. For more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, <a href="http://readersdigest.com.au/subscribe"><span class="s1">here’s our best subscription offer</span></a>.</em></p>

TV

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Government backs deputy chief medical officer who compared COVID-19 to Captain Cook

<p>The Victorian Government has defended its deputy chief health officer, who compared COVID-19 to Captain James Cook’s arrival in Australia.</p> <p>Public health physician and general practitioner Dr Annaliese van Diemen drew ire after writing on Twitter:</p> <p>“Sudden arrival of an invader from another land, decimating populations, creating terror. Forces the population to make enormous sacrifices &amp; completely change how they live in order to survive. COVID19 or Cook 1770?”</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr">Sudden arrival of an invader from another land, decimating populations, creating terror. Forces the population to make enormous sacrifices &amp; completely change how they live in order to survive. COVID19 or Cook 1770?</p> — Dr Annaliese van Diemen (@annaliesevd) <a href="https://twitter.com/annaliesevd/status/1255289781686276096?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 29, 2020</a></blockquote> <p>The comments were posted online on Wednesday, the 250th anniversary of Cook’s arrival in Botany Bay. The explorer’s extensive mapping of Australia’s east coast was later used as a guide for <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/30/victoria-defends-deputy-chief-medical-officer-after-she-compared-james-cook-to-covid-19">British settlement led by Arthur Philip</a>.</p> <p>Victoria’s Opposition leader Michael O’Brien said the tweet was embarrassing.</p> <p>“Daniel Andrews’ Deputy Chief Health Officer should be working on giving Victorians a pathway out of Labor’s lockdown, not giving us ‘woke’ political commentary on Twitter,” he said in a statement on Thursday.</p> <p>“No wonder many Victorians are questioning why our lockdown has no end in sight; the Government is too busy playing politics on Twitter.”</p> <p>Opposition health spokeswoman Georgie Crozier said Dr van Diemen should resign over the “highly inappropriate” comments.</p> <p>“How can Victorians have confidence in the advice being provided to them when our most senior bureaucrats are making such ideological public commentary that has nothing to do with the crisis that we are all facing,” Crozier said.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr">The Deputy Chief Health Officer is doing an outstanding job protecting Victorians from this deadly pandemic. Criticism from angry MPs is irrelevant to the fight against this virus. <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/springst?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#springst</a></p> — Jenny Mikakos MP #StayHomeSaveLives (@JennyMikakos) <a href="https://twitter.com/JennyMikakos/status/1255750748811390976?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 30, 2020</a></blockquote> <p>But Health Minister Jenny Mikakos said criticism of Dr van Diemen was “irrelevant”.</p> <p>“The Deputy Chief Health Officer is doing an outstanding job protecting Victorians from this deadly pandemic,” Mikakos said.</p> <p>“Criticism from angry MPs is irrelevant to the fight against this virus.”</p> <p><em>Image: <span>YouTube / Sky News</span></em></p>

News

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Expert slams Americans by comparing photographs of Australia: “Only Australia crushed COVID-19”

<p>Australian life is slowly returning to normal as Bondi beach reopens and restrictions continue to loosen amid the coronavirus pandemic.</p> <p>The way the country has handled the severity of COVID-19 and its citizens has become a rarity throughout the world, as Australians look toward a less bleak future.</p> <p>Unfortunately, developed nations including the United States are not able to tell the same story as death told soared past 50,000 within the last week.</p> <p>The death toll from the virus in Australia sits at 84 and new infections have completely slowed down as NSW reported five new cases in one day on Monday.</p> <p>Harvard Professor David Sinclair took to Twitter to blast the state of California and all its citizens by sharing a side-by-side comparison that show both Australia and the U.S at completely odd ends.</p> <p>In the caption above two images of an empty Bondi Beach and an overcrowded Newport Beach in California, he wrote: “California &amp; Australia have similar populations but only Australia crushed #COVID-19. New cases = 1000 vs 9 per day. While the pundits argue about the cause, see if you notice a difference between Newport &amp; Bondi. It’s a clue.”</p> <p>“I miss the days when we were the role model for how to get things done,” he wrote on Twitter.</p> <p>Professor Sinclair also went on to show a timeline of how Australia has combated the virus, closed borders along with the country’s testing measures and strict social distancing rules.</p> <p>California Governor Gavin Newsom criticised locals for flocking to the beach as soon as the warm weather hit over the weekend.</p> <p>He warned their behaviour could mean reverse progress.</p> <p>“We can’t see images like we saw, particularly on Saturday, in Newport Beach and elsewhere,” Mr Newsom said.</p> <p>“The virus doesn’t take the weekend off because it’s a beautiful sunny day around our coasts,” he added.</p> <p>Australian states NSW and Queensland could begin slowly easing back open as soon as next week.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr">California &amp; Australia have similar populations but only Australia crushed <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/COVID19?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#COVID19</a>. New cases = 1000 vs 9 per day. While the pundits argue about the cause, see if you notice a difference between Newport &amp; Bondi. It's a clue. <a href="https://t.co/TNHbFpiqJu">pic.twitter.com/TNHbFpiqJu</a></p> — David Sinclair, PhD (@davidasinclair) <a href="https://twitter.com/davidasinclair/status/1254834144204521472?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 27, 2020</a></blockquote> <p>However, QLD Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk warned “If we do see mass gatherings, I will not hesitate to clamp back down.”</p> <p>Victoria however is not so ready to ease restrictions and Premier Daniel Andrews told reporters on Tuesday he wants to see at least 100,000 people get tested for coronavirus within the next two weeks before a decision is made on whether they will ease state restrictions.</p> <p>“This is the biggest public health testing program that our state has ever seen and it will give us the data that will underpin the options that we will have in just a couple of weeks’ time,” he said on Monday.</p>

Domestic Travel

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How will the coronavirus recession compare with the worst in Australia’s history?

<p>In a normal year we would be weeks away from the May budget and the official forecasts for the financial year ahead.</p> <p>This year there will be no official forecasts until October 6, the date of the postponed budget.</p> <p>It might be just as well.</p> <p>The finance minister Mathias Cormann says it is <a href="https://www.financeminister.gov.au/transcript/2020/04/08/abc-radio-national-breakfast">nigh impossible to make realistic and credible forecasts</a> in the current environment.</p> <p>He might also be worried that publishing negative forecasts creates the risk of self-fulfilling prophecies. (It’s an important difference between economic and weather forecasting – predicting rain does not make rain more likely.)</p> <p>But on Tuesday Treasurer Josh Frydenberg saw fit to release details of Treasury forecasts of a <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/unemployment-to-hit-10-per-cent-1-4m-aussies-out-of-work-treasury-20200413-p54jd6.html">10%</a> rate of unemployment, which he said would have been 15% were it not for the JobKeeper allowance, so such concern can’t be universal.</p> <p>Even before COVID-19, the Australian economy was tepid, with the bushfires and weak wages growth dampening consumer spending.</p> <p>Now the cat is out of the bag.</p> <p>Overnight the International Monetary Fund released shocking <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/04/14/weo-april-2020">updated forecasts</a>. Australia’s 2020 recession will dwarf those that came before it.</p> <hr /> <p><strong>Australian calendar year economic growth</strong></p> <p><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/327983/original/file-20200415-153302-1x818d8.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="" /> <span class="caption">Growth through the year to December, IMF through-the-year-forecasts for 2020, 2021.</span> <span class="attribution"><a href="https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/WEO/2020/April/English/StatsAppendixA.ashx" class="source">ABS National Accounts, IMF World Economic Outlook April 2020</a></span></p> <hr /> <p>The IMF expects real gross domestic product to shrink by <a href="https://www.imf.org/%7E/media/Files/Publications/WEO/2020/April/English/StatsAppendixA.ashx">7.2%</a> throughout 2020.</p> <p>This is much larger than the falls in real GDP in the early 1980s drought-related recession (2.2% throughout 1982) or “<a href="https://www.smh.com.au/opinion/twentyfive-years-on-from-the-recession-we-had-to-have-20151201-glc9kn.html">the recession we had to have</a>” (1% in 1991).</p> <p>To find larger falls it is necessary to go back to the depressions of the 1890s and 1930s.</p> <p><strong>The Great Depression is one parallel</strong></p> <p>Australia’s <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/rdp/1999/pdf/rdp1999-06.pdf">1890s depression</a> was the result of a global slowdown, the bursting of a speculative property bubble (particularly in Melbourne), bank failures and the prolonged <a href="https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/federation-drought">Federation Drought</a>.</p> <p>Australia’s 1930s <a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Great-Depression">Great Depression</a> also followed some speculative excesses but was primarily a response to the global economic slump.</p> <p>Both depressions predated the acceptance of <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/k/keynesianeconomics.asp">Keynesian economics</a> in which it was understood that the best way to deal with a decline in private spending was for governments to increase public spending.</p> <p>Instead, back then, governments tried to get their budgets to balance by cutting their spending, making matters worse.</p> <p>Those depressions occurred well before statistical agencies compiled national accounts.</p> <p>But a survey of <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282613606_Business_Cycles_in_Australia">retrospective estimates</a> I did with Robert Ewing suggested that during the Great Depression real GDP may have contracted by 10% to 20%.</p> <p><strong>The Asian Economic Crisis is another</strong></p> <p>A more recent parallel to the size of the current fall in Australia’s GDP is the experience of some of our neighbours in the <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/rdp/1998/9805.html">1997 Asian financial crisis</a>. In 1998 it brought about huge falls in real GDP in Indonesia (13%), Thailand (8%), Malaysia (7%), Hong Kong (6%) and South Korea (5%).</p> <p>The current contraction has been unusually rapid and it is hoped that the recovery will be too.</p> <p>The IMF predicts Australia’s GDP will expand by <a href="https://www.imf.org/%7E/media/Files/Publications/WEO/2020/April/English/StatsAppendixA.ashx">8.4%</a> in 2021 after falling 7.2% in 2020. It believes we are in the worst of the recession now and the recovery will begin in the September quarter that starts in July.</p> <p>In year-average terms that understate the size of swings the IMF expects real GDP to shrink 6.7% in 2020 compared with 2019 and then to grow 6.1% in 2021 compared to 2020.</p> <p>It has revised down its forecast for global growth this year from an increase of 3% to a contraction of 3%. (By contrast, during the global financial crisis global GDP slipped by only 0.1%)</p> <p>What it terms the “Great Lockdown” is the worst global economic scenario since the Great Depression.</p> <p><strong>Worse outcomes “possible, even likely”</strong></p> <p>The US economy should contract 5.9% this year before bouncing back 4.7% in 2021. China’s economy should barely grow in 2020 (1.2%) before bouncing back 9.2% in 2021.</p> <p>Output and incomes in emerging economies are predicted to return to pre-pandemic levels in the second half of the year. The advanced economies generally won’t return to where they were until the end of 2021.</p> <p>These are forecasts that might prove optimistic. Depending on conditions and programmes in place in each country, it is likely many business will not survive and many consumers will decide to remain cautious about their spending for some time.</p> <p>IMF chief economist Gita Gopinath <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/04/14/weo-april-2020">warns</a></p> <blockquote> <p>much worse growth outcomes are possible and may be even likely – this would follow if the pandemic and containment measures last longer, emerging and developing economies are even more severely hit, tight financial conditions persist, or if widespread scarring effects emerge due to firm closures and extended unemployment.</p> </blockquote> <p>Rarely has the trajectory of a downturn been harder to forecast.</p> <p>Much will depend on the virus itself, on the way in which countries adjust their restrictions to deal with it, and on us. At the moment few of us are feeling good.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/136379/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/john-hawkins-746285">John Hawkins</a>, Assistant Professor, School of Politics, Economics and Society, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-canberra-865">University of Canberra</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/how-will-the-coronavirus-recession-compare-with-the-worst-in-australias-history-136379">original article</a>.</em></p>

Retirement Income

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“Kids are like dogs:” Pauline Hanson compares raising children to “training pets”

<p>One Nation leader Pauline Hanson has shared some outlandish opinions by comparing raising children to training animals. </p> <p>The politician told<span> </span>The Today Show<span> </span>on Monday there are similarities with disciplining your children and pets. </p> <p>Ms Hanson also said reports suggesting parents should “train” their babies as a dog was not so far off from the truth. </p> <p>“Kids are like dogs... you actually look after them, treat them well, give them that love and care and attention,” she said. </p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr">“Kids are like dogs, if you actually look after them, treat them well, give them that love and care and attention. The problem today is parents aren’t allowed to discipline their kids. We are losing respect, they lose respect for authorities.” <a href="https://twitter.com/PaulineHansonOz?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@PaulineHansonOz</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/9Today?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#9Today</a> <a href="https://t.co/DboCmqm5OP">pic.twitter.com/DboCmqm5OP</a></p> — The Today Show (@TheTodayShow) <a href="https://twitter.com/TheTodayShow/status/1163195148760518656?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 18, 2019</a></blockquote> <p>The outlandish comments amused the morning show host Georgie Gardner, who said she was reluctant to end the segment. </p> <p>“Pauline, I loathe to interrupt because I'm scared I'm going to get in trouble but we have to go now,” she said. </p> <p>“Its been enlightening and everyone is awake across the country and terrified of you.”</p> <p>A controversial new British television show has caused a stir for it’s hosts, behaviourist Jo-Rosie, sharing her own parenting tips. </p> <p>She said she would be applying the same techniques as she would to train an animal with a three-year-old toddler. </p> <p>Ms Hanson said the “technique” gets results, and would use the same methods on her own children. </p> <p>“I would give them a clip over the ear if they didn't do what they were told. I had to control five of them and they had to do what they were told... and my grandkids get it too,” she shared. </p> <p>Radio host Neil Mitchell, another panelist sitting in on the controversial segment, sat shocked by Hanson’s admission to hitting her children. </p> <p>“You can't hit dogs, let alone children,” he said. </p> <p>The politician argued children need strong discipline. </p> <p>“The problem today is parents aren't allowed to discipline their kids. We are losing respect, they lose respect for authorities,” she said. </p>

Family & Pets

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Mick Schumacher: "Being compared to my father was never a problem for me"

<p>Mick Schumacher says he has no problem being compared to his father, Formula 1 legend Michael Schumacher.</p> <p>Speaking ahead of his first Formula 2 season, Mick – who is turning 20 tomorrow – said the comparisons with the seven-time Formula 1 world champion are an "honour" rather than a burden.</p> <p>"Being compared to my father was never a problem for me," Mick said in a new video interview released by the Prema team.</p> <p>"Being compared to the best driver in F1 history is the goal you want to achieve and to have that as my idol and my father is something very special."</p> <p>Mick added, "I feel honoured to be compared to him because I just learn and try to improve."</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en"> <p dir="ltr">.<a href="https://twitter.com/SchumacherMick?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@SchumacherMick</a> speaks about his upcoming debut in the 2019 <a href="https://twitter.com/FIA_F2?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@FIA_F2</a> Championship, his goals for the season, staying with <a href="https://twitter.com/PREMA_Team?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@PREMA_Team</a> and joining <a href="https://twitter.com/insideFDA?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@insideFDA</a> <br /><br />🎬: <a href="https://twitter.com/autofocusbg?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@autofocusbg</a> <a href="https://t.co/PAVX8WttEn">https://t.co/PAVX8WttEn</a></p> — PREMA (@PREMA_Team) <a href="https://twitter.com/PREMA_Team/status/1108398847968071686?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 20, 2019</a></blockquote> <p>Very little has been heard about Michael since his 2013 skiing incident, but Mick has continued to rise into prominence with his own racing career. The young German is driving for the Prema team this year after winning his first major title at the European Formula 3 series in 2018.</p> <p>Mick, who joined the Ferrari Driver Academy in January, also talked about moving from F3 to F2 racing. "The step itself isn't that huge from F3 … it's more understanding the tyre at 100 percent," he said. "That will be the most difficult part … It’s a good challenge."</p> <p>Mick will begin his first Formula 2 campaign in Bahrain next week.</p>

News

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20 years ago and now: Top toys compared

<p>A lot has changed in the world of toys in the past 20 years, but one item maintains its hold on children's hearts: the Hot Wheels car.</p> <p>"They are a simple toy but they are a fabulous toy," says Warehouse toy buyer Lonnica Van Engelen, of the classic collectible, which features in the toy department's top 10 sellers now, as it did 20 years ago.</p> <p>Also wildly popular in the late 90s were Tamagotchis, Polly Pockets and the boardgame Operation. While Operation is still around and Polly Pockets are due to make a return to shelves later this year, Tamagotchis have been superseded by technology. </p> <p>Children who once would have spent hours tending their virtual pet will now spend hours on the iPad.</p> <p>Van Engelen says the market for collectible toys, driven in part by the YouTube craze for unboxing videos, has grown "exponentially" in recent years. Children watch their favourite YouTubers build massive collections of toys, and they want to do that too. </p> <p>The most popular of these young superstars is American 7-year-old Ryan of ToysReview, who has been opening and playing with toys in front of a camera since he was three. He now makes an estimated $16 million a year, and his last name and location are kept secret to protect him. </p> <p>Ryan has reviewed Hot Wheels twice in the past year, racking up 3.4 million views for a post from two months ago, and 13 million views for a video posted seven months ago.</p> <p>Many of his most popular videos (the ones snagging up to 890 million views) feature the word "surprise" in the title. </p> <p>Sonya Brooks, a toy buyer and owner of Toy Fest in Christchurch, says surprise is a key element of a toy's success. The same delight that previous generations got from lucky dips is ignited in children who open an LOL Surprise, Smooshy Mushy Mystery Pack or Lost Kitties Blind Box – all top sellers, and all popular YouTube searches.</p> <p>"Even a year ago we didn't have this many collectibles in the top 10," says Van Engelen. "I think it comes down to children at a party. Children love to watch other children open presents. They are learning different ways to play."</p> <p>Brooks has also noticed a return to quality toys that will be passed from one generation to the next, possibly a reaction to all the plastic that comes with toys. Toys that inspire role play, like dolls and prams, are riding a wave of popularity.</p> <p>Of Hot Wheels she says, "You can't go past good old cars. I remember the first time my son picked up a car and put it on the floor and went vroom. He'd never had a vehicle, it's innate."</p> <p><strong>TOP TOYS 2018</strong> (in no particular order)</p> <ul> <li>Pomsies </li> <li>Zuru 5 Surprise Ball</li> <li>LOL Surprise Confetti Pop</li> <li>Hot Wheels basic cars</li> <li>LEGO Millennium Falcon</li> <li>Play-doh single tub</li> <li>Smooshy Mushy Mystery Pack</li> <li>Lost Kitties Blind Box</li> <li>Monopoly Here and Now</li> <li>Zuru Schnooks Plush Series 2</li> </ul> <p><strong>TOP TOYS 1998</strong> (in no particular order)</p> <ul> <li>Brick Game 9 in 1</li> <li>Chatter Rings</li> <li>Pro Yo II</li> <li>Tamagotchi</li> <li>Hot Wheels basic cars</li> <li>Barbie Picnic Van</li> <li>Super Soaker</li> <li>Polly Pocket</li> <li>Operation</li> <li>Magna Doodle</li> </ul> <p><em>Source: The Warehouse</em></p> <p><em>Written by Eleanor Black. Republished with permission of <a href="http://www.stuff.co.nz"><strong><u>Stuff.co.nz.</u></strong> </a></em></p>

Retirement Life

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“She’s got her eyes”: Princess Charlotte compared to childhood photo of Princess Diana

<p>A royal fan has compared photos of Princess Charlotte and her late grandmother Princess Diana on their Instagram account <a href="https://www.instagram.com/loveprincessdiana/">@loveprincessdiana</a>.</p> <p>Comparing Prince William and Duchess Kate’s 3-year-old daughter, pictured at her baby brother Prince Louis’s christening recently, to a childhood passport photo of Diana, followers of the Instagram account noticed an uncanny likeness between the two.</p> <p>While Princess Charlotte has had her likeness to her great-grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II, pointed out on many occasions by fans, the young royal is now being compared to a passport photo of Diana at a similar age to her granddaughter.</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/BlVA2Sahiv1/" data-instgrm-version="9"> <div style="padding: 8px;"> <div style="background: #F8F8F8; line-height: 0; margin-top: 40px; padding: 50.0% 0; text-align: center; width: 100%;"> <div style="background: url(data:image/png; base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaacwaaaascamaaaapwqozaaaabgdbtueaalgpc/xhbqaaaafzukdcak7ohokaaaamuexurczmzpf399fx1+bm5mzy9amaaadisurbvdjlvzxbesmgces5/p8/t9furvcrmu73jwlzosgsiizurcjo/ad+eqjjb4hv8bft+idpqocx1wjosbfhh2xssxeiyn3uli/6mnree07uiwjev8ueowds88ly97kqytlijkktuybbruayvh5wohixmpi5we58ek028czwyuqdlkpg1bkb4nnm+veanfhqn1k4+gpt6ugqcvu2h2ovuif/gwufyy8owepdyzsa3avcqpvovvzzz2vtnn2wu8qzvjddeto90gsy9mvlqtgysy231mxry6i2ggqjrty0l8fxcxfcbbhwrsyyaaaaaelftksuqmcc); display: block; height: 44px; margin: 0 auto -44px; position: relative; top: -22px; width: 44px;"></div> </div> <p style="margin: 8px 0 0 0; padding: 0 4px;"><a style="color: #000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/BlVA2Sahiv1/" target="_blank">Princess Charlotte has Diana’s eyes❤️ #MyQueenDianaForever #LovePrincessDiana #PrincessDiana #PrincessofWales #DianaFrances #BritishRoyalfamily #RoyalFamily #PrincessFOREVER #KateMiddleton #DuchessofCambridge #DukeofCambridge #PrinceWilliam #PrinceHarry #PrinceGeorge #PrincessCharlotte #PrinceLouis #PrinceCharles #Royalbaby #QueenElizabeth #British #Europe #MeghanMarkle #DuchessofSussex</a></p> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;">A post shared by <a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/loveprincessdiana/" target="_blank"> Royal Princesses UPDATE 🇬🇧</a> (@loveprincessdiana) on Jul 17, 2018 at 2:49am PDT</p> </div> </blockquote> <p>The owner of the Instagram account wrote alongside the photo of a young Princess Diana, “Princess Charlotte has Diana’s eyes.”</p> <p>And soon, a flood of comments followed, with the post rapidly gaining over 7,000 likes and followers mentioning how they have not noticed the resemblance between the two before.</p> <p>“I have been saying for a while now – Charlotte is going to look a lot more like Diana than anyone thinks,” one follower commented.</p> <p>While other fans wrote, “Charlotte is her mini me!” and “Exactly the same!”</p> <p>Although @loveprincessdiana claimed Charlotte has the same eyes as her late grandmother, others thought their mouths were identical in the photos, more so than their eyes.</p> <p>A fan of the social media account pointed out, “Look at the lips in both these pictures. Those are almost identical.”</p> <p>Who do you think Charlotte resembles most? Queen Elizabeth II or Princess Diana? Tell us in the comments below.</p>

Family & Pets

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How does Australia's pension system rate compared to the rest of world?

<p>A report on retirement outlooks for 50-year-old women has some interesting insights into how Australia’s pension system compares to the rest of the world.</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.ubs.com/global/en/wealth-management/chief-investment-office/features/international-pension-gap-index.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>International Pension Gap Index</strong></em></span></a>, put together by wealth management firm UBS, compared the basic mandatory pension systems of 12 countries to see which one provided the best retirement income. And you might be surprised how well our system performed (especially if you’re struggling to make ends meet on the age pension).</p> <p>Australia came in second in the rankings, with UBS determining our retirement had the capacity to provide 72 per cent of a working woman’s salary, which was a touch behind top performer Singapore which provided 73 per cent.</p> <p>According to the report: “People often don't think about retirement until they are nearing the end of their working life. But our analysis shows that relying purely on mandatory pension systems no longer makes sense, as they only insure a minimum income to cover basic needs in old age. No matter where in the world you live, you are likely to face a pension gap – in other words, your costs will exceed your retirement income.</p> <p>“We conclude that private savings are crucial for retirement, no matter where in the world you live.”</p> <p><strong>Here’s where the top 12 cities ranked:</strong></p> <p>1. Singapore: 73 per cent</p> <p>2. Sydney: 72 per cent</p> <p>3. Paris: 69 per cent</p> <p>4. Milan: 67 per cent</p> <p>5. New York: 55 per cent</p> <p>6. Tokyo: 55 per cent</p> <p>7. Munich: 50 per cent</p> <p>8. Zurich: 48 per cent</p> <p>9. Toronto: 42 per cent</p> <p>10. London: 41 per cent</p> <p>11. Hong Kong: 41 per cent</p> <p>12. Taipei: 32 per cent</p> <p>What’s your take on the results?</p>

Retirement Income

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Mums compare cheap Kmart appliances to designer alternatives

<p>Austrlaia’s biggest appliance names were put to the test on A Current Affair this week, with cheap products from Kmart compared to their more expensive counterparts.</p> <p>Heidi and Loren, a pair of everyday working mothers, compared cheap vacuums, coffee machines and toasters which can be found in outlets like Kmart, Aldi and Target to designer brands from the likes of Dyson and Nespresso.</p> <p><iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FACurrentAffair9%2Fvideos%2F1248256335280741%2F&amp;show_text=0&amp;width=560" width="560" height="315" style="border: none; overflow: hidden;" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="true"></iframe></p> <p>And surprisingly, Heidi and Loren found that the cheaper items performed just as well (if not better) than the big brand products that were up to 11 times more expensive.</p> <p>Heidi compared the famous $89 vacuum from Kmart to a top-of-the-line $599 Dyson and while admitting the Dyson was easier to use said, “They both sucked exactly the same”.</p> <p>Loren had similar results and even argued Aldi’s $80 espresso pod machine did a superior job in producing a cuppa to the $159 Nespresso Essenza Mini saying, “It was tastier, it was hotter, and there was a little bit more in the cup as well.”</p> <p>Do you go for the designer brands, or cheaper alternatives?</p> <p><em>Hero image credit: Facebook / A Current Affair </em></p>

Money & Banking

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